Causal Argument—GamersPet

Posted on November 10, 2024 by GamersPet

Caffeine is an Addictive Drug

Caffeine addicts can be described as dose independence due to the drinking of coffee every day. Children are significantly more vulnerable to caffeine consumption than adults. At least 87% of young teens and adults drink around 100mg of caffeine, which is the size of an 8-ounce cup of coffee routinely, with adult consumers drinking around twice as much of the dosage which is close to a 12-ounce cup. However, there is a strong connection between caffeine and young teens, especially at the peak of high school, and first-year students in collage. It makes sense at a younger age where we drink caffeine products either waking up early in the morning to get to our class or in the afternoon to finish our homework assignment that is due because of procrastination. Researchers in “Caffeine—An Invisible Addiction” observed two hundred students of Kinnard collage where 65% of them are the age of 20 to 24. Among the two hundred students, at least half of them drink at least once or twice a day while a quarter of them drink more than twice a day, at least 9.5% drink weekly, and 14.5% rarely drink caffeine products.

Surprisingly, only 40% of the population stated that they cannot live without tea or coffee where caffeine gives the feel of an adrenaline rush into our body which gives us that edge to get through our day. Experts in the research of caffeine in “Neuropsychological…Addictive?” firmly states that caffeine can act like a stimulant to our central nervous system where it can evoke to be a mild type of drug. Liver is the prime suspect for caffeine metabolism that is quickly absorbing 99% of caffeine within 45 minutes of ingestion into our immune system which allows the body to develop dependency. The effects of caffeine will trigger between 45 to 120 minutes inside our stomach after oral ingestion.

 Structurally, caffeine and adenosine are remarkably close to each other in molecules where caffeine functions in an equivalent manner to our brains.

Adenosine is a type of neurotransmitter drug, where it promotes sleep in our brain receptors that are being countered by the stimulant effects from caffeine. The causes of adenosine receptors in our brain cells to be blocked are by the normal intake of caffeine where an increase in caffeine can prevent a person from falling asleep. A higher dosage in caffeine products will overthrow the effects of adenosine where the effects can be severe psychologically. Caffeine can change our pathos that produce a disorder such as headaches, lack of care, and anxiety which can sum up the prompt to being aggressive and mood swings. Surprisingly at a moderate dose of caffeine, it can function as an anti-depressant where caffeine can lessen the symptoms of depression and suicide chance. As the caffeine that is stored in our body decreases, the side effects of withdraw symptoms emerge of drowsiness, energy crashes, and tiredness, and the level of dopamine slightly increases when taking caffeine products which can lead to euphoria experience. However, an excessive amount of caffeine can bring about headaches, but suddenly stop consuming caffeine can increase the likelihood of getting a headache.

The same experts in “Neuropsychological…Addictive?” took a randomly selected sample of the population with a survey, resulted in an increase by 40% to 70% of the population who tried to quit taking caffeine are experiencing withdrawal symptoms. Withdraws can happen when a person stops drinking caffeine in a time of 12 to 24 hours. Not everyone gets the same experience or the symptoms of caffeine since withdrawals usually occur when one stops consuming caffeine products once a day. However, many people are unaware of caffeine capabilities of being hidden due to the preferences and flavors of products where the sweetness of flavored products overwrites the bitterness which is the key characteristics of caffeine. The feeling of dopamine when we purchase certain brands of coffee such as Starbucks or Dunkin Donuts can bring satisfaction to our needs which can lead to compulsively buying more coffee drinks. Caffeine addiction is dependent on compulsive buying whereas compulsive buying is dependent on branding addiction which is like a chain reaction. The analysis from the two researchers Mona Mrad, and Charles Chi Cui discovered the demonstration of compulsive buyers has an impact of brand addiction where the short-term effects of gratification from compulsive buyers seeks long-term gratification from brand addiction. We feel great when we purchase coffee from a certain brand coffee shop, however, that feeling will gradually fade away like how the effects of caffeine lasted. Compulsive buying touches our pathos where we feel relief and pleasure but gradually followed up by remorse and guilt. It can bring positive factors of buying such as mood repairs which can help with the mood swings of caffeine, but that effect only lasted temporarily. On the other hand, brand addiction touches our pathos in a way that boosts our self-esteem, and our ego.

The fact that many people reported that they either have not, or never experienced withdrawals indicates that they unknowingly consumed tiny amounts of caffeine on days that they thought they were caffeine free. In North America, at least 80 to 90% of adults and children habitually consume caffeine drinks where soft drinks such as Pepsi and Coke have dramatically increased in consumption over the last few decades.

Reference

Sidra Ajmal  Laiba Ajmal. “Caffeine – an Invisible Addiction.” Caffeine – An Invisible Addiction | Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology, 11 June 2023, journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/fst/article/view/14592.

Mona Mrad, and Charles Chi Cui. “Comorbidity of Compulsive Buying and Brand Addiction: An Examination of Two Types of Addictive Consumption.” Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, 29 Oct. 2019, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014829631930548X?via%3Dihub#section-cited-by.

Uddin MS, Sufian MA, Hossain MF, Kabir MT, Islam MT, et al. (2017) Neuropsychological Effects of Caffeine: Is Caffeine Addictive? J Psychol Psychother 7: 295. doi: 10.4172/2161-0487.1000295

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Causal Rewrite – ChefRat

Posted on November 10, 2024 by ChefRat

Children’s Weightlifting: The Immutable Misconception

The preconceived notion that weightlifting is dangerous and stunts children’s growth is a long-standing misconception, one that persist when any form of media introduces the topic of children and weightlifting. With widespread fear among parents and guardians about the potential dangers or harm that it could impose on their children, many outright forbid their children to partake. Commonly believing that their “vulnerable” bones are far too susceptible to this danger! However, recent research shows that, under proper supervision and with age-appropriate weights, weightlifting will contribute positively to a child’s physical development and growth. We’ll take a deeper examination in what causes this misconception and how weightlifting would benefit them, rather than hurt.

Proper supervision and technique are essential in every other sport we teach our children, and weightlifting is no different. However its widespread and mainstream concern stems from the misconceptions that are tagged alongside it, rather than any evidence that points towards it. Other parents or guardians who have more reasonable concerns about unsupervised, self implemented weightlifting do have reason to be worried, but in reality they should be MORE concerned about this happening in the more common youth sports like Soccer, where the rate of injury is substantially higher.

Studies performed by The American Academy of Pediatrics show that youth injuries in weightlifting are primarily caused by improper form, lack of supervision, and strength-inappropriate/skill-inappropriate use of weights for the child. When weightlifting’s factors are properly managed by a youth certified trainer (or anyone with a strong understanding of youth physiology,) children will not only avoid injuries but promote positive growth results. The NSCA has proper guidelines, that with a proper amount of supervision will result in positive strength, ligament, and coordination improvements. Weightlifting is so safe that it was proven to be 2545x less likely to result in injury than other youth sports. Despite this, if an average joe saw two videos, one of a child getting injured in a soccer game and one in a weightlifting incident, 9 times out of 10 that adult will have no problem saying that children shouldn’t be lifting, yet chalk up the soccer injury to a normal accident. Even with its proven safety records, why does weightlifting carry such a bad reputation for causing injuries?

In recent years, social media apps like TikTok, Twitter or Reddit will recommend videos which emphasize injuries, purely from how the algorithm functions. In turn this study has proven that social media has placed a burden on kids standards of realistic bodies and goals. This quick-consumption content that influencers will put out, really puts an out-of-context oversimplified narrative about youth fitness about how it’s pushing children to the extreme, whether its that your neck is as red as a tomato from your level of exertion or being so low body fat that all your muscle striations show. But this isn’t the only result of these short, quick-consumption videos, research has shown that exposure to this type of content, lowers attention span, lower motivation and overall self deprecation. All of these foster an environment where children develop unhealthy fitness standards and goals. Just piling on top of the confusion of lifting, fear increases and overexertion now being the main focal point of the viral content. Now a even more damaged picture is put into the minds of youth, showing them these dangerous techniques and practices when the opposite should be shown instead. But like it was previously stated it’s more deeply rooted than social media videos, this isn’t the only cause for this misconception to occur.

Historical attitudes and our longstanding societal standards have already placed an image in our heads about childhood health and exertion. For many decades, traditional medical advice that was given out by genuine pediatrics and doctors emphasized caution against any physical strenuous activity for children. A study showcased how it was common for this misconception to exist only due to previous decades of notions that went by unnoticed. This stemmed from an outdated assumption from a very old study, that was once widely accepted is completely disproven now, that growth plates could be injured from weightlifting. The other factor being a cultural norm that was placed without much say. Even as we get further into modern scientific studies that disprove it, many still outright forbid it for their children. This “legacy” or rather myth, is still hindering newer – more scientifically backed information to replace this ingrained misconception, but for now we can only showcase more evidence to prove otherwise.

In addition to our standards that have been upheld for so long, we can take a look at an even older one. When discussing why weightlifting is seen as bad for children, most people would already only be considering 50% of children. Of course gender roles have played a large role in which gender participates in what youth sport. With weightlifting being seen as predominantly a male activity before, involving strength and muscularity, it’s almost been “automatically” ruled out in so many peoples heads. Girls are typically steered toward for traditionally “feminine” activities like dancing or gymnastics, when in truth that the many studies showing overall muscle strength, tone and bone density increase, applies to both genders. This bias will contribute to the misconception that weightlifting is unsuitable to 50% of all children, when this isn’t even the only result of gender roles.

Old standards will in turn always play a role in how our society operates, clearly. Social media and older studies that were disproven will turn their heads to how most of our unconscious decisions are made. These two examples of social media and disproved studies show deeply ingrained societal attitudes towards a certain subject can persist, despite the modern day science proving otherwise. As we continue to advance our health and physical development we should aim to educate parents first so we can cause a chain effect on what’s taught to our children in the future.

References

American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) blog (no date) ACSM_CMS. Available at: https://www.acsm.org/blog-detail/acsm-blog/2020/03/25/mythbusting-youth-resistance-training (Accessed: 10 November 2024).

American Psychological Association (APA) chief scientist outlines potential harms, benefits of social media for kids (no date a) American Psychological Association. Available at: https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2023/02/harms-benefits-social-media-kids (Accessed: 10 November 2024).

American Psychological Association (APA) chief scientist outlines potential harms, benefits of social media for kids (no date b) American Psychological Association. Available at: https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2023/02/harms-benefits-social-media-kids (Accessed: 10 November 2024).

Meur, Y.L. (2018) Youth resistance training, National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA). Available at: https://www.nsca.com/education/articles/infographics/youth-resistance-training/ (Accessed: 10 November 2024).

Myers, A.M., Beam, N.W. and Fakhoury, J.D. (2017) Resistance training for children and adolescents, Translational pediatrics. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5532191/ (Accessed: 10 November 2024).

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Causal Argument – ChefRat

Posted on November 10, 2024 by ChefRat

Why People Think Children Shouldn’t Lift

The preconceived notion that weightlifting is dangerous and stunts children’s growth is a long-standing misconception, one that persist when any form of media introduces the topic of children and weightlifting. With widespread fear among parents and guardians about the potential dangers or harm that it could impose on their children, many outright forbid their children to partake. Commonly believing that their “vulnerable” bones are far too susceptible to this danger! However, recent research shows that, under proper supervision and with age-appropriate weights, weightlifting will contribute positively to a child’s physical development and growth. We’ll take a deeper examination in what causes this misconception and how weightlifting would benefit them, rather than hurt.

Proper supervision and technique is something we preach to our children in every other sport, however this doesn’t really apply to weightlifting for some undefinable reason, we’ll just fear monger them before they get there. Studies performed by The American Academy of Pediatrics show that youth injuries in weightlifting are primarily caused by improper form, lack of supervision, and strength-inappropriate/skill-inappropriate use of weights for the child. When these factors are properly managed by a youth certified trainer (or anyone with a strong understanding of youth physiology,) children will not only avoid injuries but promote positive growth results. The NSCA has proper guidelines, that with a proper amount of supervision will result in positive strength, ligament, and coordination improvements. Take any sport that has a lack of proper supervision and you’ll see higher injury rates. But what is it about weightlifting (which has lower rates of injury) that will make it stick out compared to other youth sports?

Long before social media piled on this misconception, as it was already deeply rooted. It most certainly didn’t help with its pattern of turning any sport, or rather ANY activity, into a 60 second video for millions to see! How could this paint a picture that seems misrepresentative of the relationship between weightlifting and children? This quick-consumption content that influencers will put out, really puts an out-of-context oversimplified narrative about youth fitness about how it’s pushing yourself to the extreme, whether its that you’re neck is red as a tomato with a bulging vein or getting shredded to the bone, it’s clear that many are uneducated about the topic. These short videos will also emphasize injuries, purely from how the algorithm functions, in turn this study has proven that social media has placed a burden on kids standards of realistic bodies and goals. In turn this isn’t the only result of these short, high consumption videos, research has shown that exposure to this type of content, lowers attention span, lower motivation and overall self deprecation. All of these foester anenviornment where children develop unhealthy fitness standards and goals. Just piling on top of the confusion of lifting, fear increases and overexertion now being the main focal point of the viral content. But like I said it was deeply rooted, this isn’t the only cause for this misconception to occur.

Historical attitudes and our longstanding societal standards have already placed an image in our heads about childhood health and exertion. For many decades, traditional medical advice that was given out by genuine pediatrics and doctors emphasized caution against any physical strenuous activity for children. A study showcased how it was common for this misconception to exist only due to previous decades of notions that went by unnoticed. This stemmed from an outdated assumption from a very old study, that was once widely accepted is completely disproven now, that growth plates could be injured from weightlifting. The other factor being a cultural norm that was placed without much say. Even as we get further into modern scientific studies that disprove it, many still outright forbid it for their children. This “legacy” or rather myth, is still hindering newer – more scientifically backed information to replace this ingrained misconception, but for now we can only showcase more evidence to prove otherwise.

In addition to our standards that have been upheld for so long, we can take a look at an even older one. When discussing why weightlifting is seen as bad for children, most people would already only be considering 50% of children. Of course gender roles have played a large role in which gender participates in what youth sport. With weightlifting being seen as predominantly a male activity before, involving strength and muscularity, it’s almost been “automatically” ruled out in so many peoples heads. Girls are typically steered toward for traditionally “feminine” activities like dancing or gymnastics, when in truth that the many studies showing overall muscle strength, tone and bone density increase, applies to both genders. This bias will contribute to the misconception that weightlifting is unsuitable to 50% of all children, when this isn’t even the only result of gender roles.

Old standards will in turn always play a role in how our society operates, clearly. Social media and older studies that were disproven will turn their heads to how most of our unconscious decisions are made. These two examples of social media and disproved studies show deeply ingrained societal attitudes towards a certain subject can persist, despite the modern day science proving otherwise. As we continue to advance our health and physical development we should aim to educate parents first so we can cause a chain effect on what’s taught to our children in the future.

References

American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) blog (no date) ACSM_CMS. Available at: https://www.acsm.org/blog-detail/acsm-blog/2020/03/25/mythbusting-youth-resistance-training (Accessed: 10 November 2024).

American Psychological Association (APA) chief scientist outlines potential harms, benefits of social media for kids (no date a) American Psychological Association. Available at: https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2023/02/harms-benefits-social-media-kids (Accessed: 10 November 2024).

American Psychological Association (APA) chief scientist outlines potential harms, benefits of social media for kids (no date b) American Psychological Association. Available at: https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2023/02/harms-benefits-social-media-kids (Accessed: 10 November 2024).

Meur, Y.L. (2018) Youth resistance training, National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA). Available at: https://www.nsca.com/education/articles/infographics/youth-resistance-training/ (Accessed: 10 November 2024).

Myers, A.M., Beam, N.W. and Fakhoury, J.D. (2017) Resistance training for children and adolescents, Translational pediatrics. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5532191/ (Accessed: 10 November 2024).

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Causal Rewrite – LoverofCatsandMatcha

Posted on November 10, 2024 by loverofcatsandmatcha

Why Violence is Common in Adolescents

Violence in adolescents– it is a common presence in today’s media. At such young ages, children are developing aggressive tendencies, and acting on them, despite potential consequences. The behaviors presented in these adolescents have, in past research, been attributed to two potential causes: their home environment, or a hereditary aggressive trait that has been passed down genetically; nature versus nurture, so to speak. However, there is also a third, less referenced cause of aggression in youth: their peers. Together, these three things cause aggression in youth, and in turn, violent behaviors. 

Can parents inadvertently shape who their children become, without trying? Can the people that they are shape the people that their children are? Short answer– yes: humans can take on aggressive traits from their parents. In Human Aggression Across the Lifespan: Genetic Propensities and Environmental Moderators, the concept is explored. While it is challenging to measure, researchers have conducted twin and adoption experiments to explore how behaviors are learned versus innate. In such studies, the researchers would study both identical and fraternal sets of twins that had been circumstantially separated at birth for varying reasons. Thus far, “Twin and adoption studies agree with the experimental literature on aggression, which shows that a large effect of environmental factors is evident, particularly of the nonshared variety. Yet, there is also plenty of evidence, based on a variety of definitions of aggressive behavior from children to adults, for genetic propensity toward aggression.” The existence of aggression in a parent can cause aggression to fester in their progeny.

A child’s earliest experiences, their first teachers, and the people responsible for setting a positive example for them are, in the traditional family set up, their parents. A child’s earliest likes and dislikes, the media they are exposed to, and the way that they are spoken to cause them to develop certain traits. Consider cursing– a child is not born knowing a single word; every word comes from their parents. If they grow up surrounded by parents that swear like sailors, the child will pick up the same language, not knowing that it is bad. If a child is only ever shown violent television and music with aggressive lyrics, they will grow up believing that those behaviors, actions, and ideas are normal. The same is true in contrast: only exposing a child to media that encourages friendship and positivity will cause them to believe that to be normal. In turn, household that promotes violence will inevitably cause any children in the home to believe that those ideas are conducive to normalcy. 

For example, in November of 2021, infamous school shooter, Ethan Crumbley, shot up Oxford High School– he was only seventeen years old. In a Case Study of his shooting published by the Journal of Education, Health, and Social Sciences, the research revealed that Crumbley had a tragic home life, which caused his perception of what is and is not ethically correct to be severely warped. In a Case Study of his shooting published by the Journal of Education, Health, and Social Sciences, the research revealed that Crumbley had a tragic home life, which had likely shaped his personality. In Crumbley’s family, gun violence was not taught to be a dangerous concept, with Crumbley’s parents even going so far as purchasing a gun for him to have, “referring to it as Ethan’s ‘new Christmas present.’” The environment one is surrounded by shapes their moral views, and their concept of right and wrong: if Ethan Crumbley had not been exposed to a positive perspective of gun violence in his household, his views would have never been shaped to believe it was positive.

During a person’s youth, they spend approximately eight hours a day at school, five days a week; for forty hours a week, children are primarily surrounded by people within their exact age range. During this guaranteed time spent with individuals that share a key defining trait, a child can easily be influenced to adopt similar hobbies and interests as the people they are around. The forced proximity, more often than not, causes similarities to develop between individuals. 

As these similarities begin to develop, key aspects of an adolescent’s personality begin to form. During their teen years, the phrase “rebellious phase” is not unheard of. Many teenagers enter an era in which they are motivated solely on fitting in with their social groups. In an instance in which an individual’s social group is not of proper mind, they will have an impact on the morals and views that they develop. For example, consider a school shooter. Though often classified as “loners” by news outlets and classmates,  it is not uncommon for a school shooter to have a social peer group, of which they share similar interests. Often, these interests include violence and aggressive behaviors. In an actual school shooting scenario, the shooter may develop ideas that their actions are okay, or even warranted, with encouragement from their peer group. 

In “School shootings: A Review of the Characteristics and the Psychopathology of the Perpetrators”, the typical school shooter is assessed, alongside the common factors of a school shooting, and the signs that were missed. “Shooters were considered outcasts and ‘weird’ but not all of them were ‘loners’. Their peer groups shared analogous interests in violence, making even harder the ‘reality check’ on behalf of the perpetrator.” The peers of the afflicted individual have caused their morals to be completely skewed– when morals have been so compromised by an individual’s peers, it is nearly impossible to change them, or shed light on the reality of the situation. This behavior is not innate, but instead learned by the individual, developed over a period of time and an intentional relationship.

Aggression, and in turn, violent behaviors, are caused by genetics, home environment, and social exposure: this is undeniable. One cause alone is not enough to rewire someone’s psyche. The three causes work in tandem to influence an individual’s thoughts, morals, and behaviors as they develop in their early years of life.

References

Alevizopoulos Giorgos. (2017). School shootings: A Review of the Characteristics and the Psychopathology of the Perpetrators. Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation, 2(5). https://doi.org/10.19080/jfsci.2017.02.555598

Leng, M., & Song, H. (2023). Contributors to Antisocial Behavior in Adolescence from the Perspective of Developmental Psychology: A Case Study on a School Mass Shooting. Journal of Education Humanities and Social Sciences, 9, 158–165. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v9i.6442

Tuvblad, C., & Baker, L. A. (2011). Human Aggression Across the Lifespan. Advances in Genetics, 171–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-380858-5.00007-1

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Causal Argument – LoverofCatsandMatcha

Posted on November 10, 2024 by loverofcatsandmatcha

Violence in Adolescents, and Why it’s Common

Violence in adolescents– it is not an uncommon presence in today’s media. At such young ages, children are developing aggressive tendencies, and acting on them, despite potential consequences. The behaviors presented in these adolescents have, in past research, been attributed to two potential causes: their home environment, or a hereditary aggressive trait that has been passed down genetically; nature versus nurture, so to speak. However, there is also a third, less referenced cause of aggression in youth: their peers. Together, these three things cause aggression in youth, and in turn, violent behaviors. 

When considering the concept of nature versus nurture, the first half of the idea is based around the concept of genetics, and overall human nature. Is it human nature to be aggressive, and have violent behaviors? Short answer– yes: humans can adopt aggressive traits from their parents. In Human Aggression Across the Lifespan: Genetic Propensities and Environmental Moderators, the concept is explored. While it is challenging to measure, researchers have conducted twin and adoption experiments to explore how behaviors are learned versus innate. In such studies, the researchers would separate both identical and fraternal twins at birth, and allow them to grow up separately from their parents, and from each other. Thus far, “Twin and adoption studies agree with the experimental literature on aggression, which shows that a large effect of environmental factors is evident, particularly of the nonshared variety Yet, there is also plenty of evidence, based on a variety of definitions of aggressive behavior from children to adults, for genetic propensity toward aggression.” The existence of aggression in a parent can cause aggression to fester in their progeny. 

When considering the nurture side of nature versus nurture, it is undeniable that a child’s parents will have a significant impact on the person they grow to be. Their earliest likes and dislikes, the media they are exposed to, and the way that they are spoken to cause them to develop certain traits. If a child is only ever shown violent television and music with aggressive lyrics, they will grow up believing that those behaviors, actions, and ideas are normal. The same is true in contrast: only exposing a child to media that encourages friendship and positivity will cause them to believe that to be normal. A household that promotes violence will inevitably cause any children in the home to believe that those ideas are conducive to normalcy. 

For example, in November of 2021, infamous school shooter, Ethan Crumbley, shot up Oxford High School– he was only seventeen years old. In a Case Study of his shooting published by the Journal of Education, Health, and Social Sciences, the research revealed that Crumbley had a tragic home life, which caused his perception of what is and is not ethically correct to be severely warped. In a Case Study of his shooting published by the Journal of Education, Health, and Social Sciences, the research revealed that Crumbley had a tragic home life, which had likely shaped his personality. In Crumbley’s family, gun violence was not taught to be a dangerous concept, with Crumbley’s parents even going so far as purchasing a gun for him to have, “referring to it as Ethan’s ‘new Christmas present’.” The environment one is surrounded by shapes their moral views, and their concept of right and wrong: if Ethan Crumbley had not been exposed to a positive perspective of gun violence in his household, his views would have never been shaped to believe it was positive.

During a person’s youth, they spend approximately eight hours a day at school, five days a week; for forty hours a week, children are primarily surrounded by people within their exact age range. During this guaranteed time spent with individuals that share a key defining trait, a child can easily be influenced to adopt similar hobbies and interests as the people they are around. The forced proximity, more often than not, causes similarities to develop between individuals. 

As these similarities begin to develop, key aspects of an adolescent’s personality begin to form. During their teen years, the phrase “rebellious phase” is not unheard of. Many teenagers enter an era in which they are motivated solely on fitting in with their social groups. In an instance in which an individual’s social group is not of proper mind, they will have an impact on the morals and views that they develop. For example, consider a school shooter. Though often classified as “loners” by news outlets and classmates,  it is not uncommon for a school shooter to have a social peer group, of which they share similar interests. Often, these interests include violence and aggressive behaviors. In an actual school shooting scenario, the shooter may develop ideas that their actions are okay, or even warranted, with encouragement from their peer group. 

In School shootings: A Review of the Characteristics and the Psychopathology of the Perpetrators, the typical school shooter is assessed, alongside the common factors of a school shooting, and the signs that were missed. “Shooters were considered outcasts and “weird” but not all of them were ‘loners’. Their peer groups shared analogous interests in violence, making even harder the ‘reality check’ on behalf of the perpetrator.” The peers of the afflicted individual have caused their morals to be completely skewed– when morals have been so compromised by an individual’s peers, it is nearly impossible to change them, or shed light on the reality of the situation. This behavior is not innate, but instead learned by the individual, developed over a period of time and an intentional relationship.

Aggression, and in turn, violent behaviors, are caused by genetics, home environment, and social exposure: this is undeniable. One cause alone is not enough to rewire someone’s psyche. The three causes work in tandem to influence an individual’s thoughts, morals, and behaviors as they develop in their early years of life.

Citations

Human aggression across the lifespan: genetic propensities and environmental moderators

Tuvblad & Baker

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3696520/

Contributors to Antisocial Behavior in Adolescence from the Perspective of Developmental Psychology: A Case Study on a School Mass Shooting Leng & Song

https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/EHSS/article/view/6442

(PDF) School shootings: A Review of the Characteristics and the Psychopathology of the Perpetrators PDF | On Mar 30, 2017, Alevizopoulos Giorgos published School shootings: A Review of the Characteristics and the Psychopathology of the Perpetrators

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322226358_School_shootings_A_Review_of_the_Characteristics_and_the_Psychopathology_of_the_Perpetrators

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Causal Rewrite – student12121

Posted on November 10, 2024 by student12121

The Effects of Carbon-Plated Shoes on High Mileage Runners

Running injuries are most commonly overuse injuries. They come slowly without an acute onset of symptoms. Modern running shoes add to this with their large amounts of foam and even more so their carbon plate. Overuse injuries are not just from the pure quantity of training load but also the uneven distribution of training load. 

Carbon plated shoes have been studied many times for performance but there are minimal studies looking into the long term effects. One study done by the Chemnitz University of Technology (CUT), had their subjects run for 10 kilometers in carbon plated shoes reported that there was significant form alteration by the final kilometer. They reported that the runners altered their form to optimize the load on their lower extremities while still maintaining performance. This alteration helps with performance but over time could lead to weaknesses and injuries.

Ankle load redistribution is a key part of the story when it comes to the risks of using carbon plated shoes. Multiple studies including the one done by CUT, a study done by the University of Calgary,  another study done by California State University, and one done by Iowa State University (ISU) found significant redistribution of load on the ankle. Unfortunately the limited number of studies and the gradual nature of the issue, mean that the studies have not been able to find specific areas of the ankle that are loaded differently. The ISU study found increased ankle aversion with carbon plated running shoes, however the sample size was not enough that they could confidently reject the null and say that it was the carbon plated shoes specifically. Ankle eversion is one of the main causes of peroneal tendinopathy according to a study published in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics journal.

Form fatigue causes similar effects to the runners rearfoot and ankle. Form fatigue occurs when an athlete is tired. They may know the best way to run but when an athlete is tired they may start to cheat or become unable to run in their normal style due to fatigue. This alteration in form due to overall fatigue is called form fatigue. According to a study done by the Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics in Cologne, Germany, there is a significant increase in rearfoot motion and ankle eversion. High levels of ankle eversion was found at a much higher level in injured runners in a study done by Azusa Pacific University and California State University. A study done by the Department of Health and Sport Science at Wake Forest corroborated this claim in their own independent study. These three studies show that form changes can and do lead to overuse injuries. These effects found in form fatigue are the exact same ones found when an athlete uses carbon plated shoes. There is an increase in rearfoot movement and ankle eversion when runners are in shoes with a carbon plate so the same increase in injury risk can be applied.

The more one runs the more important it is to keep form consistent. A study done by a group of fellows from a variety of sports medicine fellowship programs shows that increases in training load comes with greater risk of injury. This can be attributed to the lower margin of error when the training load is high. With a high training load there is significantly less room for error in form and training. Sudden changes in either can lead to the mismanagement of load to areas of the body that can’t handle it. After years of training the muscles become used to the load that is put on them. If an inexperienced runner attempted to start running 80 miles a week they would get injured. The same principle applies if an experienced runner tries to put 80 miles of training load onto a new muscle or joint. The muscle or joint is not prepared for the huge increase in load and therefore injuries are very common. 

One of the most common reasons for an injury is inadequate footwear. Typically that comes in the form of dead shoes or the misapplication of shoe type. For the average person one or two runs in sneakers would not hurt them. For runners with high mileage and training load the misapplication of footwear is much more nuanced and volatile. No one recommends doing high mileage in sneakers. An inexperienced runner may however do consistent mileage in a shoe not meant for consistent use. Shoes mainly fall into three categories: everyday wear, workout shoes, and race shoes. Carbon plated shoes typically fall into the latter two but recently they have become much more widespread. This leads to inexperienced runners using carbon plated shoes in new applications that could lead to injury over time. 

Slight weaknesses and instabilities in the foot and ankle affect the whole leg. A study done by the American Podiatric Medical Association found that altered or malfunctioning foot alignment has far reaching repercussions like the changing of gait and form on a whole. The changing of gait can lead to weakness, instability, and eventually injuries. One of the more interesting studies was done by the University of Salzburg in partnership with the Red Bull Athlete Performance Center . That study was done on an experienced elite female endurance athlete and showed a change in footfall patterns over short distances. The study emphasized the essential nature of individualized training because when that particular athlete used the carbon plated shoes an old injury cropped up. When the carbon plated shoes altered the form of the athlete it forced her into her old injury and caused pain. Injuries like these are what leads people to the anecdotal evidence that carbon plated shoes lead to long term problems. Individualization makes studies on distance running difficult. Individualized training is becoming more and more common and with it comes many individual challenges. Athletes who have a high training load have to make sure that the shoes work for them because if they don’t the consequences can hurt a career long term.

When paired with the study done by CUT that showed that form changed more over time there is a reasonable worry that having athletes run more in carbon plated shoes could lead to injuring them. Studies like the ones done by CUT and the University of Salzburg that show clear changes in gait and footfall patterns also show increases in injury risk and should be used to show the need for caution when using carbon plated shoes. 

References

Hata, K., Noro, H., Takeshita, T., Yamazaki, Y., & Yanagiya, T. (2022). Leg stiffness during running in highly cushioned shoes with a carbon-fiber plate and traditional shoes. Gait & Posture. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.03.021

Kiesewetter, P., Bräuer, S., Haase, R., Nitzsche, N., Mitschke, C., & Milani, T. L. (2022). Do Carbon-Plated Running Shoes with Different Characteristics Influence Physiological and Biomechanical Variables during a 10 km Treadmill Run? Applied Sciences, 12(15), 7949. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157949

Subramanium, A. (2024). Effects of advanced footwear technology on running mechanics and performance (Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. https://hdl.handle.net/1880/119375 

Moore, S., Martinez, A., Schwameder, H., & Stoggl, T. (2023, July 12). THE MEDIOLATERAL CENTER OF PRESSURE MOVEMENT DIFFERS BETWEEN TRAINING AND RACING SHOES: A CASE STUDY [Review of THE MEDIOLATERAL CENTER OF PRESSURE MOVEMENT DIFFERS BETWEEN TRAINING AND RACING SHOES: A CASE STUDY]. Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Austria Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Thalgau, Austria. https://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2665&context=isbs 

Matties, J. (2024, May 1). BIOMECHANICAL AND ENERGETIC TRENDS IN RESPONSE TO 8 WEEKS OF TRAINING IN ADVANCED FOOTWEAR TECHNOLOGY [Review of BIOMECHANICAL AND ENERGETIC TRENDS IN RESPONSE TO 8 WEEKS OF TRAINING IN ADVANCED FOOTWEAR TECHNOLOGY]. https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/2b88qm33k 

Sinclair, J., Brooks, D., Taylor, P. J., & Liles, N. B. (2021). Effects of running in minimal, maximal and traditional running shoes: a musculoskeletal simulation exploration using statistical parametric mapping and Bayesian analyses. Footwear Science, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2021.1892834 

Dudley, R. I., Pamukoff, D. N., Lynn, S. K., Kersey, R. D., & Noffal, G. J. (2017). A prospective comparison of lower extremity kinematics and kinetics between injured and non-injured collegiate cross country runners. Human Movement Science, 52, 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2017.02.007 

Ryu, S., Kang, J., Kong, S., Choi, Y., Yoon, S., Ryu, J., & Park, S.-K. (2023). Effect of running shoes with a carbon plate on running biomechanics. Footwear Science, 15(sup1). https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199280 

(2024). Proquest.com. https://www.proquest.com/openview/780cb1c3a10d506c522fa4285d63f35a/1?cbl=18750&diss=y&loginDisplay=true&pq-origsite=gscholar 

Willwacher, S., Sanno, M., & Brüggemann, G.-P. (2020). Fatigue matters: An intense 10 km run alters frontal and transverse plane joint kinematics in competitive and recreational adult runners. Gait & Posture, 76, 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.11.016 

Fields, K. B., Sykes, J. C., Walker, K. M., & Jackson, J. C. (2010). Prevention of Running Injuries. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 9(3), 176–182. https://doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0b013e3181de7ec5 

Dudley, R. I., Pamukoff, D. N., Lynn, S. K., Kersey, R. D., & Noffal, G. J. (2017). A prospective comparison of lower extremity kinematics and kinetics between injured and non-injured collegiate cross country runners. Human Movement Science, 52, 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2017.02.007 

Messier, S. P., & Pittala, K. A. (1988). Etiologic factors associated with selected running injuries. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 20(5), 501–505. https://europepmc.org/article/med/3193867 

Gijon-Nogueron, G., & Fernandez-Villarejo, M. (2015). Risk Factors and Protective Factors for Lower-Extremity Running Injuries. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 105(6), 532–540. https://doi.org/10.7547/14-069.1 

Barr, K. P., & Harrast, M. A. (2005). Evidence-Based Treatment of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Runners. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 16(3), 779–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2005.02.001 

Posted in Causal Rewrite, Portfolio Student12121, REGRADED, Student12121 | 6 Comments

Causal Argument – student12121

Posted on November 10, 2024 by student12121

Carbon Plates: Performance Enhancing or Injury Inducing

Running injuries are most commonly overuse injuries. They come slowly without an acute onset of symptoms. Modern running shoes add to this with their maximalist styling and crucially, their carbon plate. Overuse injuries are not just from the pure quantity of training load but also the uneven distribution of training load. 

Form fatigue and alteration plays a large part in overuse injuries. According to a study done by the Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics in Cologne, Germany there is a significant increase in rearfoot and ankle eversion. High levels of ankle eversion was found at a much higher level in injured runners in a study done by Azusa Pacific University and California State University. A study done by the Department of Health and Sport Science at Wake Forest corroborated this claim in their own independent study. These three studies show that form changes can and do lead to overuse injuries. The more one runs the more important it is to keep form consistent. A study done by a group of fellows from a variety of sports medicine fellowship programs shows that increases in training load comes greater risk of injury. This can be attributed to the lower margin of error when the training load is high. With a high training load there is significantly less room for error in form and training. Sudden changes in either can lead to the mismanagement of load to areas of the body that can’t handle it. After years of training the muscles become used to the load that is put on them. If an inexperienced runner attempted to start running 80 miles a week they would get injured. The same principle applies if an experienced runner tries to put 80 miles of training load onto a new muscle or joint. The muscle or joint is not prepared for the huge increase in load and therefore injuries are very common. 

Form can be altered by footwear as well. One of the most common reasons for an injury is inadequate footwear. Typically that comes in the form of dead shoes or the misapplication of shoe type. For the average person one or two runs in sneakers would not hurt them. For runners with high mileage and training load the misapplication of footwear is much more nuanced and volatile. No one recommends doing high mileage in sneakers. An inexperienced runner may however do consistent mileage in a shoe not meant for consistent use. Shoes mainly fall into three categories: everyday wear, workout shoes, and race shoes. Carbon plated shoes typically fall into the latter two but recently they have become much more widespread. This leads to inexperienced runners using carbon plated shoes in new applications.

Carbon plated shoes have been studied many times for performance but there are minimal studies looking into the long term effects. One study done by the Chemnitz University of Technology (CUT), had their subjects run for 10 kilometers in carbon plated shoes reported that there was significant form alteration by the final kilometer. They reported that the runners altered their form to optimize the load on their lower extremities while still maintaining performance. This alteration helps with performance but over time could lead to weaknesses and injuries. 

Slight weaknesses and instabilities in the foot and ankle affect the whole leg. A study done by the American Podiatric Medical Association found that altered or malfunctioning foot alignment has far reaching repercussions like the changing of gait. The changing of gait can lead to weakness, instability, and eventually injuries. One of the more interesting studies was done by the University of Salzburg in partnership with the Red Bull Athlete Performance Center . That study was done on an experienced elite female endurance athlete and showed a change in footfall patterns over short distances. The study emphasized the essential nature of individualized training because when that particular athlete used the carbon plated shoes an old injury cropped up. When the carbon plated shoes altered the form of the athlete it forced her into her old injury and caused pain. Injuries like these are what leads people to the anecdotal evidence that carbon plated shoes lead to long term problems. Individualization makes studies on distance running difficult. Individualized training is becoming more and more common and with it comes many individual challenges. Athletes who have a high training load have to make sure that the shoes work for them because if they don’t the consequences can hurt a career long term.

When paired with the study done by CUT that showed that form changed more over time there is a reasonable worry that having athletes run more in carbon plated shoes could lead to injuring them. Studies like the ones done by CUT and the University of Salzburg that show clear changes in gait and footfall patterns also show increases in injury risk and should be used to show the need for caution when using carbon plated shoes. 

Ankle load redistribution is a key part of the story when it comes to the risks of using carbon plated shoes. Multiple studies including the one done by CUT, a study done by the University of Calgary ,  another study done by California State University, and one done by Iowa State University (ISU) found significant redistribution of load on the ankle. Unfortunately the limited number of studies and the gradual nature of the issue, mean that the studies have not been able to find specific areas of the ankle that are loaded differently. The ISU study found increased ankle aversion with carbon plated running shoes, however the sample size was not enough that they could confidently reject the null and say that it was the carbon plated shoes specifically. Ankle eversion is one of the main causes of peroneal tendinopathy according to a study published in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics journal. If indeed the widely confirmed significant ankle redistribution is ankle aversion then it would be a significant factor in the long term increase in injury risk when using carbon plated shoes. 

References

Hata, K., Noro, H., Takeshita, T., Yamazaki, Y., & Yanagiya, T. (2022). Leg stiffness during running in highly cushioned shoes with a carbon-fiber plate and traditional shoes. Gait & Posture. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.03.021

Kiesewetter, P., Bräuer, S., Haase, R., Nitzsche, N., Mitschke, C., & Milani, T. L. (2022). Do Carbon-Plated Running Shoes with Different Characteristics Influence Physiological and Biomechanical Variables during a 10 km Treadmill Run? Applied Sciences, 12(15), 7949. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157949

Subramanium, A. (2024). Effects of advanced footwear technology on running mechanics and performance (Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. https://hdl.handle.net/1880/119375 

Moore, S., Martinez, A., Schwameder, H., & Stoggl, T. (2023, July 12). THE MEDIOLATERAL CENTER OF PRESSURE MOVEMENT DIFFERS BETWEEN TRAINING AND RACING SHOES: A CASE STUDY [Review of THE MEDIOLATERAL CENTER OF PRESSURE MOVEMENT DIFFERS BETWEEN TRAINING AND RACING SHOES: A CASE STUDY]. Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Austria Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Thalgau, Austria. https://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2665&context=isbs 

Matties, J. (2024, May 1). BIOMECHANICAL AND ENERGETIC TRENDS IN RESPONSE TO 8 WEEKS OF TRAINING IN ADVANCED FOOTWEAR TECHNOLOGY [Review of BIOMECHANICAL AND ENERGETIC TRENDS IN RESPONSE TO 8 WEEKS OF TRAINING IN ADVANCED FOOTWEAR TECHNOLOGY]. https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/2b88qm33k 

Sinclair, J., Brooks, D., Taylor, P. J., & Liles, N. B. (2021). Effects of running in minimal, maximal and traditional running shoes: a musculoskeletal simulation exploration using statistical parametric mapping and Bayesian analyses. Footwear Science, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2021.1892834 

Dudley, R. I., Pamukoff, D. N., Lynn, S. K., Kersey, R. D., & Noffal, G. J. (2017). A prospective comparison of lower extremity kinematics and kinetics between injured and non-injured collegiate cross country runners. Human Movement Science, 52, 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2017.02.007 

Ryu, S., Kang, J., Kong, S., Choi, Y., Yoon, S., Ryu, J., & Park, S.-K. (2023). Effect of running shoes with a carbon plate on running biomechanics. Footwear Science, 15(sup1). https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199280 

(2024). Proquest.com. https://www.proquest.com/openview/780cb1c3a10d506c522fa4285d63f35a/1?cbl=18750&diss=y&loginDisplay=true&pq-origsite=gscholar 

Willwacher, S., Sanno, M., & Brüggemann, G.-P. (2020). Fatigue matters: An intense 10 km run alters frontal and transverse plane joint kinematics in competitive and recreational adult runners. Gait & Posture, 76, 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.11.016 

Fields, K. B., Sykes, J. C., Walker, K. M., & Jackson, J. C. (2010). Prevention of Running Injuries. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 9(3), 176–182. https://doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0b013e3181de7ec5 

Dudley, R. I., Pamukoff, D. N., Lynn, S. K., Kersey, R. D., & Noffal, G. J. (2017). A prospective comparison of lower extremity kinematics and kinetics between injured and non-injured collegiate cross country runners. Human Movement Science, 52, 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2017.02.007 

Messier, S. P., & Pittala, K. A. (1988). Etiologic factors associated with selected running injuries. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 20(5), 501–505. https://europepmc.org/article/med/3193867 

Gijon-Nogueron, G., & Fernandez-Villarejo, M. (2015). Risk Factors and Protective Factors for Lower-Extremity Running Injuries. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 105(6), 532–540. https://doi.org/10.7547/14-069.1 

Barr, K. P., & Harrast, M. A. (2005). Evidence-Based Treatment of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Runners. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 16(3), 779–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2005.02.001 

Posted in Causal Draft, Portfolio Student12121, Student12121 | Leave a comment

Definition — MAD ClTY

Posted on November 10, 2024 by MAD ClTY

Fashion Kills

Throughout human history, fashion has been a powerful marker of social status, setting individuals apart from others in society. Fashion has become a nationwide phenomenon, but are the clothes on our backs linked to injury? In this discussion, I will focus on the often-overlooked aspects of the fashion industry, such as its contributions to climate change and its role in safety-related risks. I’ll explore the importance of wearing non-slip shoes and hard hats for workplace safety, as well as the long-term effects of high heels and tight shoes on health compared to going shoeless. Let’s consider if some fashion choices can indeed lead to injury—or even death. Does fashion kill?

Injuries in the workplace can be common, especially for those required to be on their feet, but wearing appropriate clothing and footwear can minimize these risks. For example, non-slip shoes are designed to help prevent slips and falls. A slip occurs when there is a lack of traction, while a fall involves a height component. In Slips, Trips, and Falls: Call of Duty, David P. Gelkey found that from 2012 to 2018, fall-related fatalities led to 32,000 deaths in the United States and cost an estimated $50 billion. The study revealed that 25% of falls were due to improper footwear, with a failure to wear non-slip shoes contributing to 1,335 additional deaths annually. Employees have a right to a safe work environment, and if employers fail to provide this, it becomes essential for individuals to protect themselves.

Car accidents in the United States account for around 42,000 fatalities annually, with the U.S. Department of Transportation reporting approximately 850 bicyclist deaths. A study on visibility-related factors in crashes involving bicyclists found that 74% of participants in collisions with vehicles were not wearing reflective clothing, and 79% were not wearing fluorescent clothing. Visibility aids, like reflective or fluorescent gear, reduce the likelihood of being hit while biking. Without these indicators, riders are at a higher risk.

Fashion is often seen as a commodity driven by trends in a capitalist society. While sweatshops—factories with harsh working conditions, long hours, and low wages—are widely criticized, a newer model, fast fashion, has taken over. Fast fashion is the rapid production of inexpensive clothing to meet ever-changing trends, largely driven by major corporations. While most people don’t consider their wardrobes a source of pollution, the fashion industry significantly contributes to climate change.

In our society, social media and fast-paced marketing push consumerism. An article, Changing the World Not Just Our Wardrobes: A Sensibility for Sustainable Clothing, Care and Quiet Activism, conducted a study asking participants to estimate their number of garments. The findings showed that participants underestimated the count: the average guess was 111 items, while the actual average was 146 items. This consumer behavior, a result of fast fashion, increases demand for cheap, mass-produced clothing. Yet, blaming consumers alone overlooks the larger responsibility of the fashion industry.

Major fashion corporations often avoid scrutiny regarding their role in climate change, but they are as culpable as oil giants. According to The Environmental Price of Fast Fashion, the fashion industry is a major consumer of water, accounting for ~20% of industrial water pollution due to textile treatment and dyeing, and ~35% of global CO2 emissions. CNN’s Helen Regan reported on pollution in the Dhaleshwari River in Bangladesh, describing the water as “black like an ink stain” from waste discharged by nearby garment factories. For communities in South Asia, contaminated water sources are a grim reality, with widespread sickness resulting from consumption. Fashion’s environmental toll is significant, as the industry uses nearly as much water as agriculture, which accounts for ~30% of water consumption. Regan noted that producing a single pair of jeans requires around 7,500 liters (2,000 gallons) of water—equivalent to 16,700 pounds of water.

The materials used in clothing also have environmental consequences. Natural fibers, such as cotton, wool, and silk, are sourced from plants or animals, while synthetic fibers, like polyester, nylon, and spandex, are chemically produced. Both types of fibers have drawbacks: cotton requires significant water for growth, while synthetic fibers rely on petroleum-based products. Effects of Technical Textiles and Synthetic Nanofibers on Environmental Pollution highlights the extensive use of resources, including oil for polyester production, metal for equipment, and water for industrial processes, underscoring the environmental harm caused by the industry.

Fashion’s impact on society reaches far beyond style, touching on crucial issues of safety, health, and environmental sustainability. The choices we make in clothing can affect our personal safety, in the workplace incidents related to improper footwear and the dangers bicyclists face without reflective gear. Additionally, the fast fashion industry has grown into a significant contributor to pollution and climate change, using vast amounts of water and non-renewable resources, and releasing harmful waste into ecosystems. While individuals may feel driven to follow trends, it’s essential to recognize the broader consequences of these choices. Fashion can have hidden fees, from physical risks to environmental degradation. As consumers and producers alike consider the true impact of fashion, it’s worth asking: Ultimately, the answer lies in whether we are willing to make responsible changes for a safer, as for why fashion kills.

Reference 

Aldalbahi, A., El-Naggar, M. E., El-Newehy, M. H., Rahaman, M., Hatshan, M. R., & Khattab, T. A. (2021). Effects of technical textiles and synthetic nanofibers on environmental pollution. Polymers, 13(1), 155.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/1/155

Cockayne, S., Fairhurst, C., Frost, G., Liddle, M., Cunningham-Burley, R., Zand, M., Hewitt, C., Iles-Smith, H. M., Green, L., & Torgerson, D. J. (2021). Slip-resistant footwear reduces slips among National Health Service workers in England: a randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine (London, England), 78(7), 472–478. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106914

Hackney, F., Hill, K., Saunders, C., & Willett, J. (2021). Changing the world, not just our wardrobes: A sensibility for sustainable clothing, care, and quiet activism. In The Routledge companion to fashion studies (pp. 111-121). Routledge.

Click to access Hackney%20et%20al.pdf

Lacherez, P., Wood, J. M., Marszalek, R. P., & King, M. J. (2013). Visibility-related characteristics of crashes involving bicyclists and motor vehicles – Responses from an online questionnaire study. Transportation Research., 20, 52–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2013.04.003

https://www.fosterwallace.com/blog/different-types-of-bike-accidents.cfm#:~:text=No%20matter%20how%20 cautious%20you,00%20and%209:00%20 pm

Niinimäki, K., Peters, G., Dahlbo, H., Perry, P., Rissanen, T., & Gwilt, A. (2020). The environmental price of fast fashion. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 1(4), 189-200.

Click to access The_environmental_price_of_fast_fashion.pdf

Stringer, T., Mortimer, G., & Payne, A. R. (2020). Do ethical concerns and personal values influence the purchase intention of fast-fashion clothing?. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 24(1), 99-120.

Click to access Accepted%20Manuscript.pdf

​​Twist-Rowlinson, K. (2015). Who got your back? Select hard hats that prevent back-of-head traumatic injuries. Chilton’s Industrial Safety & Hygiene News, 48-.

https://go-gale-com.ezproxy.rowan.edu/ps/i.do?p=GBIB&u=rowan&id=GALE%7CA430547013&v=2.1&it=r&aty=ip

CNN

https://www.cnn.com/style/article/dyeing-pollution-fashion-intl-hnk-dst-sept/index.html
Posted in Definition Argument, MAD ClTY | Leave a comment

Robust Verbs-Taco491

Posted on November 10, 2024 by taco491

In Vancouver, the “free heroin for addicts” program is preventing heroin addicts from committing crimes to support their habits. Addicts have a hard time keeping jobs and relationships. Addicts steal, break into houses and cars, mug tourist, to score. The problem with this program is that, while it reduces crime, it won’t help to ween these addicts off using heroin. By providing the drug, the program keeps addicts off the streets, out of hospitals, and out of jail. Hospitals are overwhelmed by individuals without insurance coming to them after using harmful drugs and dirty needles. This program offers free, clean heroin to help improve the situation, but it won’t solve the underlying addiction.

Posted in GRADED, Robust Verbs, Taco491 | Leave a comment

Casual Argument – Burnbook04

Posted on November 10, 2024 by Burnbook04

Most religions came about due to culture and time. Christianity and Islam are deeply intertwined, with key historical events, theological developments, and political interactions causing significant effects on the evolution of both religions, leading to the shaping of their beliefs, practices, and relationships with each other. Christianity started with Jesus traveling and spreading the good news, which caused people to believe in him. Islam began because of a revelation from the prophet Muhammad, who also later spread the good news. Christianity and Islam are two of the world’s largest and most influential religions, both started in the Middle East and share several similarities, including monotheism and a focus on sacred texts. However, their development was also influenced by distinct factors that set them on separate paths. Muhammad and Jesus traveled and spread the good news. It caused people’s points of view to shift and they later decided that what was being preached to them was the truth and the way of life.  Both groups while similar branched off into different beliefs and ways of life. One group believes in Allah ( GOD) while the other believes in Jesus ( the way to GOD ). Jesus traveling and spreading the Gospel caused Christianity to rise and Muhammad doing the same caused Islam to start as well. Most might argue that one is more correct than the other due to the timeline. Jesus started his expedition around AD 27-29 while muhammad started 610 CE, knowing that one came before the other most might think that one is either lying or isnt telling the full truth. I believe neither is wrong, both can be present while still being true. The rise of Islam in the 7th century CE had a profound effect on Christianity, shaping its theological debates, political structure, and social dynamics, while the earlier Christian tradition also influenced Islamic thoughts and practice. Islam’s emphasis on Muhammad as the last prophet challenged Christianity’s claim of Jesus as the revelation of God. As Islamic territories grew, Christian theologians were forced to address this challenge. Some Christian scholars tried to argue Islamic teachings, particularly regarding the nature of Jesus and the Trinity, while others engaged in intellectual debates with Muslim scholars. This theological tension shaped the development of Christian doctrines in the medieval period, as theologians sought to clarify and defend Christian beliefs in light of Islamic teachings. The interactions between Christianity and Islam during the Crusades also had lasting effects on the political boundaries of the Christian and Muslim worlds. The Crusades and subsequent periods of warfare led to the division of territories that were once under Christian or Muslim rule, contributing to a more distinct and polarized separation between the two religions. This contributed to the establishment of religiously homogeneous states in both the Christian and Muslim worlds, with political leaders aligning with religious authorities to solidify their rule and identity. While the Crusades were a source of conflict, they also facilitated a degree of cultural and intellectual exchange between Christians and Muslims. For example, the translation movements in places like Toledo in Spain saw Greek, Arabic, and Latin scholars work together, translating Islamic texts into Latin, which helped to preserve and spread ancient Greek philosophy. The interaction between the two religious traditions influenced the development of Western philosophy and science during the Renaissance, including advancements in astronomy, medicine, and mathematics, many of which were deeply influenced by Islamic scholarship. Both conflict and intellectual exchange are the foundation of the causal relationship between Islam and Christianity. Christianity was under theological and political pressure to adopt new political and doctrinal stances as a result of the rise of Islam. At the same time, new intellectual cultures within both religions were made as a result of Islam’s quick growth and subsequent contact with Christian societies. Despite being largely a cause of conflict, the Crusades also promoted cultural and intellectual exchange, which had a lasting impact on both religious traditions. A crucial element of this causation relationship is how Christianity clarified its identity in response to the threat presented by Islam. For example, the arguments between Christian and Muslim scholars during the Middle Ages influenced Christian beliefs about the Trinity, Jesus’ divinity, and the nature of God. Likewise, Islamic scholars were exposed to Greek and Roman philosophy through Christian scholars in regions such as Andalusia, resulting in a reciprocal exchange of ideas that shaped the medieval world’s intellectual landscape.

The causal relationship between Islam and Christianity is intricate and multidimensional, with both religions having a major impact on one another. Christianity faced opposition from the rise of Islam, which caused the Christian world to experience theological, political, and cultural transformations. Concurrently, the centuries-long intellectual and cultural interactions between Muslims and Christians aided in the growth of both faiths. We can learn about the history this same of each religion as well as the larger dynamics of interfaith relations and religious development by fully grasping causation relationships between any of these two faiths. The development of both religions was influenced by the theological and political consequences of Islam’s rise and its subsequent interactions with Christianity, as illustrated in this example. Through the examination of these causal relationships, you can enhance your comprehension of the historical evolution and current dynamics between these two major world religions. These exchanges left a legacy that still shapes Christian-Muslim relations today, with both historical rivalry and collaboration influencing how these faiths perceive one another. The tangled history of Christianity and Islam highlights the tremendous and lengthy ties between these two religions, whether in theological discussions, political maneuvers, or cross-cultural interactions. Understanding the causal links between their evolution helps us to better understand the past while also preparing us to participate in the current discussion between Islam and Christianity and even compare the similarities and development of the bible and the Quran.

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