Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Logicians like to speak in Latin, so they describe the logical fallacy of mistaking correlation for consequence as Post hoc ergo propter hoc (or, in English, “after this, therefore because of this”).
The example I like to use in class is that breakfast doesn’t cause lunch, but here’s my favorite example from pop culture:
Extra credit if you resist clicking on any of the suggested Men In Black videos that YouTube offers at the conclusion of this clip.
Challenge accepted