My Hypothesis—BurnBook

Posted on October 13, 2024 by Burnbook04

The Quran and the Bible are two of the most influential texts in human history, shaping the beliefs and practices of billions of people worldwide. While they originate from distinct religious traditions, Islam and Christianity, an exploration of their content reveals significant similarities in themes, moral teachings, and narratives.

Both the Quran and the Bible emerged from a rich historical and cultural backdrop in the Middle East. The Bible, particularly the Old Testament, reflects the history and experiences of the ancient Israelites, while the Quran arose in the context of 7th-century Arabia, a society deeply influenced by earlier Judeo-Christian traditions. The Quran acknowledges the previous scriptures and prophets of the Bible, recognizing figures such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. This acknowledgment underscores a shared spiritual heritage and indicates a continuation of divine revelation rather than a complete departure from previous teachings.

At the core of both the Quran and the Bible lies the principle of monotheism, the belief in a single, all-powerful God. The Quran opens with the declaration of God’s oneness (Tawhid), emphasizing that there is no deity but Allah. Similarly, the Bible, particularly in the Old Testament, asserts the oneness of God, as encapsulated in the Shema: “Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one” (Deuteronomy 6:4). This foundational belief fosters a sense of unity among believers and sets the stage for ethical living and accountability.

Both the Quran and the Bible provide comprehensive moral frameworks intended to guide human behavior. The Ten Commandments in the Bible (Exodus 20:1-17) establish essential principles of ethics, such as prohibitions against murder, theft, and adultery. Likewise, the Quran outlines moral guidelines through its teachings, including the importance of honesty, charity, and justice. Verses in the Quran, such as Surah Al-Baqarah 2:177, emphasize righteousness not merely in ritual observance but in ethical conduct and social justice.

Moreover, both texts advocate for compassion, mercy, and love towards others. The Bible teaches the importance of loving one’s neighbor (Mark 12:31), while the Quran similarly stresses the significance of compassion and kindness, as seen in Surah Al-Anfal 8:61, which encourages reconciliation and goodwill among people.

The narratives and parables found in both the Quran and the Bible serve as powerful vehicles for conveying moral and spiritual lessons. Stories of prophets and their trials illustrate themes of faith, perseverance, and divine intervention. For instance, the story of Noah’s Ark, which appears in both texts, teaches about obedience to God and the consequences of disbelief. Similarly, the tale of Joseph highlights themes of patience, forgiveness, and the unfolding of God’s plan amidst adversity.

Both texts employ parables to impart wisdom. Jesus often used parables in his teachings, such as the Parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37), to illustrate moral truths. The Quran also utilizes parables, as seen in Surah Al-Kahf 18:32-43, to convey deeper meanings about life and faith. These storytelling methods resonate across cultures and time, providing relatable insights that transcend linguistic and geographical barriers.

While the specifics of salvation differ between Islam and Christianity, both religions share a belief in the afterlife and the ultimate accountability of individuals before God. The Bible outlines a vision of eternal life through faith in Jesus Christ (John 3:16), emphasizing grace and redemption. Conversely, the Quran presents a view of accountability based on one’s deeds, with promises of paradise for the righteous (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:82) and warnings of punishment for those who reject faith (Surah Al-Hajj 22:19-22).

Despite differing theological nuances such as the Christian understanding of the Trinity versus the Islamic concept of Tawhid both religions emphasize the importance of moral integrity and a sincere relationship with God as essential for attaining salvation.

The Quran and the Bible also guide communal and individual worship, encouraging practices that foster spiritual growth and community cohesion. In Christianity, sacraments such as baptism and communion serve to connect believers with God and one another. In Islam, the Five Pillars, which include prayer (Salah), fasting (Sawm), and almsgiving (Zakat), promote a sense of communal identity and devotion to God.

Both traditions also encourage acts of charity and service to others, reflecting a commitment to social justice and community welfare. The emphasis on helping the less fortunate, caring for orphans, and advocating for the oppressed is a recurring theme in both texts, highlighting a shared commitment to human dignity and compassion.

In conclusion, while the Quran and the Bible represent distinct religious traditions, examining their core teachings reveals numerous similarities that suggest a common ground. From shared historical contexts and themes of monotheism to ethical teachings, narrative styles, and communal practices, both texts offer profound insights into the human experience and the search for meaning. Recognizing these parallels can foster greater understanding and respect between followers of Islam and Christianity, encouraging dialogue and collaboration in an increasingly interconnected world. Rather than focusing solely on differences, it is essential to appreciate the rich tapestry of shared beliefs that bind these two faiths together, ultimately revealing a more unified vision of spirituality and morality.

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Definition – ChefRat

Posted on October 13, 2024 by ChefRat

Does weightlifting for children actually harm natural height or is it an exaggeration?

There has been a long ongoing debate about the safety concerns of introducing children and growing adolescents to weightlifting. As we’ve advanced as a society with social media being pushed in our face anywhere we go, the typical idea that “Weightlifting” will conjure are short videos of people who push themselves to their absolute maximum. Whether that’s through bodybuilding, being shredded to the bone or pushing their strength to their absolute limit to achieve their strongest deadlift, it seems that children lifting weights has a far more deeply rooted negative perception. The more well known debate is how this activity could possibly affect the child’s natural height development through damage of their growth plates. However this fear is completely unsubstantiated and is most often rooted in misconceptions of the function and vulnerability of the children growth plates. We must take a stronger look into the relationship between child weightlifting and it’s non-existent effects on their growth plates, it’s vital we examine the growth plates and how they function in our children’s height development and weightlifting’s effect on bone density and risk of injury. This way we can come to a collective agreement that resistance training is outright a beneficiary activity to our children when done correctly.

We know them as growth plates but their medically correct name, epiphyseal plates are a cartilage located at the ends of bones of children and growing adolescents. As a child gets further into their development, this plate is typically the last part to fully and solidly harden. Prior to the hardening, the cartilage is a tangible, flexible, which may be more susceptible to injury. This process of a cartilage only hardening by the end of the natural height development or physical maturity is what’s responsible for the confusion that ensues from it. Understanding how this cartilage functions through the growing phases of a child will help ease the general idea that lifting is dangerous for children. This Article by LiveStrong also mentions that our epiphyseal plates may be susceptible to damage and in turn will damage growth. The most important takeaway from this is that ANY physical activity can do this. We go as far to take a look into high impact sports, such as gymnastics, football, etc. Any sport with high contact and spontaneous impact have a staggering difference to weightlifting. When weightlifting is properly managed, will never yield these type of sudden impacts. You can’t say the same for the other sports, no matter how well managed, these impacts will occur. Your growth plates actually benefit from resistance training, with the proper management of your sets and reps and controlled exercises, it is vastly superior to the other traditional children sports.

Some may be concerned that weightlifting will still have a negative effect on a childs bone health, and this couldn’t be further from the truth. There’ll be concern that “lifting such heavy weights will damage their bone and make them prone to fractures!” This article by Biotech will emphasize that it is actually vital for a boys bone development to have physical resistance training involved by the age of 12. Having strong bone density will only reduce risk of injury of fracture in the future. To further elaborate on how
weightlifting in of itself, with proper measurements and adjustments for age, personally tailored biomechanical exercises is a form of resistance training that will increase strength, endurance, etc. As explained by this brief article, weightlifting for children when under proper supervision is more than safe for children. This longstanding anecdotal belief that weightlifting is dangerous for children ultimately lies in the supervision and proper technique that’s being taught. What the main concern is how to mitigate risk of injury to growth plates which, like said before, can occur with any children’s sports. With this manageable training, it’s statistically less likely for injuries to occur as per this log from StrengthLog, there is only a 0.0055 injuries per 100 hours of training. This would equate to 18,000 hours of supervised training to result in injury. We should be actively pursue our children sought out this activity rather than the typical high impact sports we put them through.

There will of course always be others that oppose this argument with their own refutes, even if unsubstantiated, will say the risk is far too high. Other recommendations that are beneficial for children like swimming or running. But what you’ll notice past a surface level observation is that all of these sports that don’t have high impact contact will very typically be cardiovascular health activities. These of course have their merit for our health but do not even come close to replicating the benefits in muscle and bone development that weightlifting sets as a foundation for our children in the future.

In conclusion, weightlifting being a uniquely dangerous activity for our children is a notion that has, and will persist for years despite the completely contrary evidence. It becomes evident that as we further develop as a society that our minds almost always wander to the absolute maximum of human limits, so we combine that with applying that to children. So of course there would be a concern, but as we further fear monger this activity this will only make our understanding of physical health worse. The real goal we should strive for is to figure out the most optimal path to integrating physical resistance training as a regular activity for children. With our era discussing more and more about physical health while having so much screen time, encouragement with proper supervision of strength training only seems that it can benefit us.

References

Davis, Danny. “What Age Is Safe for Kids to Start Weight Lifting.” Check Biotech First, 13 June 2019, checkbiotech.org/age-safe-kids-start-weight-lifting

Myers, Allison M, et al. “Resistance Training for Children and Adolescents.” Translational Pediatrics, U.S. National Library of Medicine, July 2017, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5532191

“Can Lifting Weights When Young Stunt Your Growth? | Livestrong.” LIVESTRONG.COM, Leaf Group, www.livestrong.com/article/430166-can-lifting-weights-when-young-stunt-your-growth

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who can be excused—BurnBook

Posted on October 11, 2024 by Burnbook04

We can analyze the criteria based on various characteristics and underlying values to establish a definition or categorical argument about which students should be excused from attending a “Presence Required” class.

Students Automatically Excused

  1. Students with disabilities: Those who have documented physical or mental health conditions that affect their ability to attend in person.
  2. Those who care for children, the elderly, or family members who require constant assistance.
  3. International Students: Students facing travel restrictions or time zone challenges that impact their ability to attend live sessions.
  4. Health Concerns: Immunocompromised students or health issues make in-person attendance risky, especially in light of recent global health events.

Shared Characteristics Vulnerability

These students often face circumstances that render them vulnerable, whether due to health, familial obligations, or logistical challenges.

Need for Accommodation

They require accommodations to ensure equitable access to education.

Legitimate Barriers to Attendance

Their situations create legitimate barriers that may hinder their ability to participate in traditional in-person settings.

Categories of Qualifying Students

The qualifying students can belong to several categories, including

  1. Individuals with Disabilities: Protected under laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
  2. Caregivers: Often part of discussions around work-life balance and social responsibilities.
  3. International Students: A category that recognizes the diverse backgrounds and global challenges students face.
  4. Students with Health Issues: Recognizes the importance of health and safety in educational environments.

Analysis of Results

Examining these categories highlights a commitment to equity in education. Students who fall into these groups face significant barriers that require a re-evaluation of attendance policies.

Underlying Values

  1. Equity: The idea that all students should have fair access to education, regardless of their circumstances.
  2. Inclusion: Recognizing the diverse needs of students and fostering an environment where everyone can succeed.
  3. Compassion: A moral responsibility to consider the personal circumstances of students and provide accommodations that promote well-being.
  4. Justice: Ensuring that policies do not disproportionately disadvantage certain groups of students.

Conclusion

To respond to our shared values, the solution lies in implementing flexible attendance policies that recognize and accommodate the needs of students in the identified categories. This approach not only aligns with ethical considerations of fairness but also fosters an inclusive educational environment where all students have the opportunity to thrive, ultimately enriching the learning experience for everyone involved.

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Claims- yardie

Posted on October 7, 2024 by yardie

“Charles Marmar, a New York University professor who was on the team of the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study, the most comprehensive study of combat stress ever conducted, points out that you really have to spend the money to treat PTSD, since the costs of not treating it are so much higher.”

  • This quote is a Credibility Claim, the statement of Charles Marmar’s line of work or credentials is being assessed. We know he is a professor at New York University.

“Charles Marmar, a New York University professor who was on the team of the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study, the most comprehensive study of combat stress ever conducted, points out that you really have to spend the money to treat PTSD, since the costs of not treating it are so much higher.”

  • This quote is also a Comparative Claim, stating that the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment study is the most comprehensive study of combat stress ever conducted is comparing the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment study to other studies and putting it into a category that is above the other ” studies.

“Experts say it’s nearly impossible to calculate what treating PTSD from Vietnam has and will cost American taxpayers, so vast are its impacts.”

  • This quote is an Attributive Claim since this author uses the words ‘Experts say’ to tell the audience that this claim isn’t verified to be true by him, but it depends on the Experts who say it’s nearly impossible to calculate what treating PTSD will cost taxpayers.

“There were 2.4 million soldiers deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan, and while no one is sure what PTSD among them will ultimately cost us, either, everyone agrees on one thing: If it’s not effectively treated, it won’t go away.”

  • This quote is a Factual Claim since it mentions the number of soldiers deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. The quantity, ‘2.4 million soldiers,’ gives us factual evidence about the claim since it can be quantified or counted.

““Personal tragedy, suicide, depression, alcohol and drug use, reliving terror,” he rattles off as consequences. “Stress-related health problems—cardiovascular, immunologic. Heart attacks, stroke, and even dementia.””

  • This quote is a Categorical Claim because the author is listing out certain examples and side effects related to PTSD. This listing allows the audience to believe that all these words makeup the category of PTSD and what it causes.
Posted in PTSD Claims, Yardie | 1 Comment

Hello, WickedWerm

Posted on October 7, 2024 by davidbdale

WickedWerm, this is what posts will look like when you start to contribute to the blog, with the exception of the username links, which will show your username, not mine.

I have placed this post in the WickedWerm category, which you will see reflected in a link at the bottom of the post.

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proposal +5- Starfire.04

Posted on October 7, 2024 by Starfire04.blog

For my research essay I will be examining discrimination/ racism within the education system and the experiences minorities go through versus white students in America. In the book “ Naming Racism: A Conceptual Look at Internalized Racism in U.S Schools”, written by Lindsay Perez Huber, Robin N. Johnson, and Rita Kohli, the author is evaluating the “conscious and unconscious acceptance of a racial hierarchy where whites are consistently ranked above People of Color”.  We can see in our country, especially today, that there is an argument of racial hierarchy within the American school system both private and public. As a nation that claims “justice for all” and is a proud nation of multicultural citizens, the educational system should not consist of racial hierarchies and privileges amongst its students based on race and skin color. A white student is often given more opportunities, acceptance, attention from teachers, and advantages compared to a minority student. Oftentimes we see minority students struggle during schooling and resort to blaming themselves, believing they are not smart enough to complete certain tasks given to them by their teachers. Could this be because of the racial hierarchies within the school systems in the U.S? There are statistics of wide gaps in the educational achievement of white students compared to minority students, specifically black and hispanic. 

Five Sources:

  1. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/chiclat26&div=13&g_sent=1&casa_token=&collection=journals 

Background: This article evaluates the “conscious and unconscious acceptance of a racial hierarchy where whites are consistently ranked above People of Color”. It also takes a look at internalized racism and the effects it has on students in America. It utilizes Critical Race Theory and examines the experiences of white students versus students of Color. 

How I intend to use it: I intend on using this article to support my hypothesis on the factor of unequal experiences amongst students based on race and skin color. Also to make a point on how internalized racism affects a students academic experience in the classroom. 

  1. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/unequal-opportunity-race-and-education/ 

Background: this article speaks on Affirmative Action and the most recent effects of Affirmative Action on minorities now. It also talks about the nature of inequality in the education system. 

How I intend to use it: I intend to use this article to help my argument when it comes to factual information on affirmative action. I also want to take a little bit of a deep dive on the nature of the inequality in the education system and how that affects the reality of minority students in America.

  1. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/11/cover-inequality-school 

Background: This article goes into detail about the achievement gap in education between white and black students. It goes over the evidence of disparities, the discipline divide, and goes into the statistics of the graduation rate of white students compared to black students. 

How I intend to use it: I want to show the recent statistics of the graduation rate between white and black students. I also want to include the achievement gap and help the audience become aware of the fact that there is an achievement gap to begin with and why school is harder to go through for black students compared to their white counterparts. 

  1. https://home.treasury.gov/news/featured-stories/post-5-racial-differences-in-educational-experiences-and-attainment 

Background: This article takes a deep dive into the racial differences in the education system in the U.S. It goes over the famous Brown v. Board of Education case, racial disparities in elementary and secondary schools, shows a table chart of the achievement gaps in those primary schools, and gives many charts on the statistics of different schooling achievements for minority students from elementary through college. 

How I intend to use this: I intend on using this article to provide my audience with information on the case of Brown v. Board of Education and its relevance to our reality now. I also want the reader to understand where racial inequalities in the school system starts and its gradual effects on minority students starting in elementary school all the way through high school and even college. I also want to use the charts it provides to show the reader the statistics visually. 

  1. https://www.gao.gov/blog/racial-disparities-education-and-role-government 

Background: Lastly, this article goes over the most recent information on inequality in the education system. It talks about school discipline and also the quality and accessibility of education. How I intend to use this: I intend on using this article to help me captivate the audience on the quality of education that minority students receive in this country and the difference in quality compared to the education white students receive. I also want to emphasize the accessibility of education.

Posted in Proposal+5, Starfire | Leave a comment

My Hypothesis – ChickenNugget

Posted on October 7, 2024 by ChickenNugget
  1. Mental health in musicians 
  2. Mental health problems common in the classical music industry
  3. The effect of the classical music industry’s environment on the mental health of professional musicians 
  4. The overwhelming pressure presented in the classical music industry is detrimental to the mental health of professional musicians 
  5. Debunking the romanticization of working as a classical musician and exposing the problems within the industry will improve mental health among professional musicians
  6. Poor mental health among classical musicians is largely caused by the assumptions and expectations of non-musicians, and so educating them on the reality of the classical music industry will affect their attitude towards professionals in the industry and in turn reduce mental health problems in the field.

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Claims-figure8clementine

Posted on October 7, 2024 by figure8clementine

 PTSD Claims—figure8clementine

The amount of progress in Caleb’s six years of therapy has been frustrating for everyone.

—This statement makes an evaluative claim, expressing a judgment on the pace of Caleb’s therapeutic progress. The use of “frustrating” suggests a negative evaluation of the effectiveness of the therapy over a six-year period of time, highlighting the emotional toll on Caleb and those supporting him.

But ultimately, says Alain Brunet, vice president of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and director of the Traumatic Stress Laboratory at McGill University in Canada, “we have reason to be reasonably optimistic. Psychotherapy does work for typical PTSD.”

—Here we see an attributive claim, as the author references Alain Brunet’s credentials to reinforce the assertion that psychotherapy is effective for typical PTSD. This lends credibility to the claim of optimism surrounding treatment efficacy.

The VA tends to favor cognitive-behavioral therapy and exposure therapy—whereby traumatic events are hashed out and rehashed until they become, theoretically, less consuming.

—This is a factual claim describing the types of therapy the VA favors. The phrase “tends to favor” indicates a generalization about the VA’s approach to PTSD treatment, implying that there isn’t solid proof for every single case. However, it highlights a common approach in how they treat patients.

Some state VA offices also offer group therapy. For severe cases, the agency offers inpatient programs, one of which Caleb resided in for three months in 2010.

—This excerpt includes a categorical claim, as it categorizes different forms of therapy offered by the VA for PTSD treatment. It highlights that group therapy is an option and specifies that inpatient programs exist for severe cases, including Caleb’s experience. 

The VA also endorses eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR), which is based on the theory that memories of traumatic events are, in effect, improperly stored, and tries to refile them by discussing those memories while providing visual or auditory stimulus.

—This statement provides a definition claim, as it defines EMDR and explains the theoretical basis behind it. It also contains an illustrative claim, illustrating how the therapy is an attempt to refile traumatic memories.

“There’s a fairly strong consensus around CBT and EMDR,” Brunet says.

—This quote illustrates a credibility claim, as it refers to a consensus among professionals in the field about the effectiveness of certain therapies for PTSD. The phrase “strong consensus” suggests the reliability of the therapies being discussed.

While veterans are waiting for those to work, they’re often prescribed complicated antidepressant-based pharmacological cocktails.

—This statement makes a factual claim regarding the treatment protocol for veterans awaiting therapy effectiveness. It describes the common practice without judgment but implies the complexity of managing PTSD symptoms.

To stay up to date on the latest advances in PTSD treatment, the VA collaborates with outside entities through its Intramural Research Program.

—This is an evaluative claim, which implies that the VA’s collaboration with outside entities is a positive step toward improving PTSD treatment. It positions the VA as proactive in seeking advancements in therapy.

Currently, the agency is funding 130 PTSD-related studies, from testing whether hypertension drugs might help to examining the effectiveness of meditation therapy, or providing veterans with trauma-sensitive service dogs, like Caleb’s.

—Here, the author presents a quantitative claim by citing the number of studies funded by the VA. This claim reflects a specific metric that can be measured, supporting the assertion of ongoing research efforts.

But a lot of FOV members and users are impatient with the progress. Up until 2006, the VA was spending $9.9 million, just 2.5 percent of its medical and prosthetic research budget, on PTSD studies. In 2009, funding was upped to $24.5 million.

—The mention of funding amounts represents a numerical claim, showing the change in financial support for PTSD research over time. This comparison highlights a growth in funding but also shows the dissatisfaction among FOV members regarding the pace of that progress.

But studies take a long time, and any resulting new directives take even longer to be implemented.


—This conclusion serves as a causal claim, suggesting a cause-and-effect relationship between the time it takes to conduct studies and the delay in implementing new treatment directives. It emphasizes the challenges faced in advancing PTSD treatment effectively.

Posted in figure8clementine, PTSD Claims | 1 Comment

Claims Task: PTSD- Crabs123

Posted on October 7, 2024 by crabs123

she’s fielding phone calls from a woman whose veteran son was committed to a non-VA psychiatric facility

  • This is a categorical claim because it categorizes the woman’s son as a veteran and the psychiatric facility as non-VA.

he doesn’t want to be at the facility because he, a severe-PTSD sufferer, was already paranoid before one of the other resident loons threatened to kill him, and anyway he fought for his fucking country and they promised they wouldn’t abandon him and he swears to God he will have to kill himself if the VA doesn’t put him in with the other soldiers

  • This is primarily an evaluative claim because the author uses strong language such as “resident loons” and “fucking country” to suggest that he is displeased with the VA and the facility they have placed him in. It may be an ethical claim that proposes that the position they put him in was wrong after fighting for his country. This is also an attributive claim because it suggests that these are the man’s feelings.

Another veteran’s wife calls from the parking lot of a diner to which she fled when her husband looked like he was going to boil over in rage. Another woman’s husband had a service dog die in the night, and the death smell in the morning triggered an episode she worries will end in him hurting himself or someone else if she doesn’t get him into a VA hospital, and the closest major clinic is four hours away and she is eight and a half months pregnant and got three hours of sleep, and the clinic’s website says its case manager position for veterans of Iraq or Afghanistan is currently unstaffed, anyway.

  • This is a categorical claim that uses long descriptions of a person’s situation to categorize them. The author is categorizing different situations that veteran’s wives find themselves in.

The phone never stops ringing.

  • This claim is a good example of a claim that is simply factual.

If it does for 14 seconds, Brannan writes an email to help get whatever someone needs, or publishes a blog post about her own struggles. 

  • This is a quantitative claim about what Brannan does if the phone stops ringing for a quantitative amount of time.

 Caleb was not amused the first time one of these posts went live. But now he’s glad she didn’t ask him his permission. “I’d have said no,” he tells me on the couch one day.

  • This is an evaluative claim about how Caleb feels about the posts Brennan makes.

It’s a brief emergence from his bedroom—he’s been “sleeping or hiding,” Brannan describes it, 20 or so hours a day for a few days. He leans forward to put his glass of orange juice on the table; it takes many, many long seconds for him to cover the few inches; today, like most days, he feels “like a damn train ran over me.”

  • This segment includes multiple quantitative claims about how much Caleb sleeps and how long it takes Caleb to move his glass a short distance.

“But because of the feedback she got, I know that other people were going through the same shit I was. And she’s helping people.” His face softens. “She’s got a good heart. She’s always been like that. I’m glad she’s doing it,” he says again, and shrugs, because that’s the end of that story.

  • This is an evaluative claim about how Caleb feels positively about the social media posts and his wife.
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Claims – Who’sOnFirst?

Posted on October 6, 2024 by Who'sOnFirst?

In 2009, it was Hovda who delivered the Pentagon the recommendation that because multiple concussions could cause serious long-term injury, concussions need time to heal. 

This is an Attributive Claim because the author doesn’t make the claim directly, instead the claim is stated but under the words of Hovda. 

A fight ensued. Hovda says some of the Army’s best doctors implied that if soldiers were told they needed rest after concussions, it was going to usher in an epidemic of fakers, or retired guys claiming disability way after the fact.

This is another Attributive Claim because instead of the author directly making the claim, the claim is still said but is attributed to Hovda. The claim made by Hovda is a Causal Claim because it is predicting that if rest was provided as an option, there would be an increase in fakers.

Although, the NFL was given the same memo in the 1990s, and brain damage in boxers is even older news, so it doesn’t seem like it would take a neuroscientist—or the top medical brass of an Army that builds laser cannons—to figure out that if 25 mph punches to the head cause brain damage, IED blasts that hit at 330 mph probably do too.

This is a Categorical Claim because it lumps together NFL concussions and boxing concussions, claiming that they belong to the same category as concussions in the Army. There is also an evaluative numerical claim here by drawing the conclusions from the given factual evidence backed up by numbers.

Eventually, Hovda’s cause prevailed. These days, there are MRIs in theater, assessments after blasts, mandatory rest periods after a concussion. But those reforms came seven years into the Iraq War, after Caleb and a million other soldiers were already home. 

This is a Categorical Claim because the author lists different things that have been done in response to Hovda’s case, therefore grouping them together in the same category.

When people ask Hovda if they’re gonna get better, he encourages them that they’re gonna get different. That they will never be the same—researchers “have tried hyperbaric oxygen, hundreds of clinical trials; we’re just failing miserably in trying to make a difference”—but that they should not panic. “There’s good rehabilitation strategies: learn what your deficits are, learn that you’re not going crazy, that you just can’t do what you used to do,” he says. 

This is a Recommendation or Proposal Claim by saying that Hovda “encourages them” and “that they should not panic” the author is using Hovda’s claim by way of an attributive claim to tell them how to move forward in their actions

“The human brain has an enormous amount of plasticity. New cells are born every day. New connections can be made. The good news is, teleologically speaking, if we didn’t have the ability to recover from brain injury, we’d have ended up as somebody’s breakfast.”

This is a Factual and a Causal Claim because the author describes the brain and uses the facts known about the brain. The author then uses a by way of an if then statement.

Posted in PTSD Claims, Who'sOnFirst? | 1 Comment