Counterintuitive Fall 2024

1. Selby, Daniele. “DNA and Wrongful Conviction: Five Facts You Should Know.” Innocence Project, 2 May 2023 https://innocenceproject.org/news/dna-and-wrongful-conviction-five-facts-you-should-know/#:~:text=The%20emergence%20of%20DNA%20technology,exonerate%20hundreds%20of%20innocent%20people.

Background: this article explores the emergence of DNA technology and its revolutionary role in the exoneration of innocent individuals.it presents its five key facts that shed light on how DNA technology has been instrumental in freeing these people. 

Usage: This article will help me better under what new technology was made to help identity DNA and use that to help free people. Within this article I found many recourse and quote that can help me get a better understanding of the technology.

2. “DNA’s Revolutionary Role in Freeing the Innocent.” Innocence Project, 30 May 2023, innocenceproject.org/news/dnas-revolutionary-role-in-freeing-the-innocent/.

Background: This article delves into how DNA played a revolutionary role in freeing wrongfully convicted individuals. This article discusses the unique techniques and how unique DNA is. The concept of DNA is a fingerprint, their widespread use in criminal cases worldwide due to its proven effectiveness.

Usage: This article help me get a better understanding of DNA and what it really is and how they are using it. It talks about how all DNA is different and how there are DNA fingerprints and these are now used around the world in most or if not all criminal cases because of how good these test are proven to work.

3. “Harmful Surveillance and Investigative Technologies.” Innocence Project, 1 May 2023, innocenceproject.org/harmful-surveillance-and-investigative-technologies/

Background:. This article addresses Advancements, including surveillance systems, and facial recognization, had changed over the years. How these advancements have become more useful and more effective, and also changed the landscape of investigations. It also discusses the potential harms that are associated with technology advancements.

Usage: This article helps me understand how technology has changed and how with this new advanced technology has changed the world. There are cameras everywhere and with surveillance system and facedly recension helps with these case and help prove people wrong

4. “Misapplication of Forensic Science.” Innocence Project, 5 June 2023, innocenceproject.org/misapplication-of-forensic-science

Background: this article focuses on forensic sciences that have been applied, leading to wrongful convictions. And discusses how important science is, and how we have to strengthen the field of forensic science.

Usage: This article talks about how most of these people that were convicted was because of misused forensic science. This program has only help strength the forensic science and made it better. This article as help with the different ways they gather and the test they put the evidence though.

5. “Explore the Numbers: Innocence Project’s Impact.” Innocence Project, 5 July 2023, innocenceproject.org/exonerations-data/.

Background: this article focuses and provides the new miracle insight on how many people have actually been wrongfully convicted that they have freed. This includes the number of individuals freed from their own involvement, and also the number of individuals that was freed that were on death row cases. This article talks about, the people they freed and how they also know there are many more people that they haven’t been able to free that were also wrongfully convicted

Usage: This article shows me the innocence projects numbers and there rating how many people they freed and how many people were on death row and more. This article will help me see how well this program was doing before technology was introduce and what it did for them and how big of an impact it had on the innocence project.

6. The Innocence project. “Transforming Systems.” Innocence Project, 2 Nov. 2023, https://innocenceproject.org/transforming-systems/

Background: this article talks about how the innocence project has transformed the system and is making major changes throughout the criminal justice system and how they are also pushing for reform

Usage: how are use this is this article helped me get a better understanding of what changes were going on and how persistent they were within making these changes and how they are also transforming the legal system step-by-step each person is helping them make a better and more just legal

7. The innocence project. “Restoring Freedom.” Innocence Project, 25 Oct. 2023, innocenceproject.org/restoring-freedom/. 

Background: this article talks about bringing back these wrong. We convicted peoples freedom and how they restore their freedom and do as much as they can.

Usage: are used this article in my research. Was it giving me an understanding of what the innocence project does after they free these people are restoring freedom

8. The innocence Project. “By the Numbers.” Innocence Project, 23 Oct. 2023, innocenceproject.org/exonerations-data/#:~:text=The%20Innocence%20Project%20fights%20to,contributed%20to%20their%20wrongful%20convictions. 

Background: this article by the innocence project gave me a better understanding of the actual numbers of these individuals that they freed. It also helps me get a better understanding of how many people are Wrongfully convicted.

Usage: how I used this article was to get an understanding of how effective the innocence project is. It also helped me get a better understanding of how many people or in the system that really shouldn’t be based off of false allegations.

9. The Innocence Project. “DNA Exonerations in the United States (1989 – 2020).” Innocence Project, 22 June 2023, innocenceproject.org/dna-exonerations-in-the-united-states/. 

Background: this article talks about the exoneration process in the United States, and it also talks about how DNA use to free these individuals. This article talks about some cases and how they are prosecuted.

Usage: I use this article is more of a information source to get a understanding of how the United States deals with these cases, and how many are actually in the United States. It talks about how DNA is a key factor in this exoneration process.

10. The Innocence Project. “Cases.” Innocence Project, 3 July 2023, innocenceproject.org/all-cases/. 

Background: this article talks about a lot of cases that the innocences project has dealt with. These cases or not just legal cases, but also a background and story about how these people were convicted and how they were freed.

Usage: how are use this article gave me an understanding of a wide variety of cases to go through and see how similar these cases are and what was one of the reasons they were convicted in the first place. Somewhere because of miss used evidence others were eyewitness statements That were not true.

11. By Innocence Staff. “A Year of Legislative Achievements in Criminal Legal Reform.” Innocence Project, 4 May 2023, innocenceproject.org/a-year-of-legislative-achievements-in-criminal-legal-reform/. 

Background: this article talks about the achievements that the innocence project has done throughout the years in legislation, and in the criminal legal system. The innocence project has made major reforms throughout both of these systems, and strive to keep making these reforms until the justice system is fair and just.

Usage: I use this article throughout my research, and it helped me understand all the achievements and goals that the innocence project strives for and how major of an impact they really have made on the criminal justice system and legal system in general.

12. Seal, Ben. “With the Innocence Project, Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck Became the Men behind a Movement.” The American Lawyer, 23 Nov. 2021, http://www.law.com/americanlawyer/2021/11/23/with-the-innocence-project-peter-neufeld-and-barry-scheck-became-the-men-behind-a-movement/?slreturn=20231111013636. 

Background: this article talks about the founders of the innocence project and what really made them want to do this. It talks about the two men that created this and their background and why they are doing what they’re doing.

Usage: article to my knowledge on the innocence project, and also to understand why this foundation was founded and how it actively became stronger and more powerful throughout the more people they exonerated.

Walden University. (n.d.). Why Do People Act Differently in Groups Than They Do Alone? Walden University. https://www.waldenu.edu/online-masters-programs/ms-in-psychology/resource/why-do-people-act-differently-in-groups-than-they-do-alone

Background: This is an article from Walden university how have been published the online master program for psychology responding and giving more information on an important question: “Why do people Act differently in Groups than they do alone.

How did I use it: I use this article to support my idea about been in school is more socializing than be at home because at school you’re always with a group of people you interact with them but at home you don’t and interacting with people and been part of a Groupe have a lot of benefits.

ICHER By Robert Lyon (September 21) 2015, MESCHOOLING STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS: Research Review. ICHER Blog. https://icher.org/blog/?p=2122

Background: This is a research review by Robert Lyon about homeschooling students with special needs.

How did I use it: I use it to support more my points about homeschool for special cases people by providing some information about the relation between homeschooling and the special need homeschooler also the relation between the parent and the special need homeschooler.

Special needs students – the advantages of homeschooling. Calvert Education. (2019, January 3). Retrieved May 31, 2022, from https://www.calverteducation.com/homeschooling-children-with-special-needs/special-needs-students-the-advantages-of-homeschooling

Background: This is an article provided by Calvert education providing information about the advantages of homeschooling for special needs students.

How did I use it: I use it to show the benefits of homeschooling for this case of people because homeschooling can have benefits for the more than a regular Personne and it can be helpful to make them feel that they people that able to learn and been educated in any case.

 Special needs parenting: The pros and cons of homeschooling a child with disabilities. Angel Sense. (2019, February 11). Retrieved May 31, 2022, from https://www.angelsense.com/blog/special-needs-parenting-the-pros-and-cons-of-homeschooling-a-child-with-disabilities/ 

Background: this article it talks about the pros and cons of homeschooling a child with disabilities.

How did I use it: I used more this article to be more kind of like support my idea and at the same time against it by showing the good side and the bad side of homeschooling for students with disabilities.

 READY KIDS Occupational Therapy-Homeschooling for Special Needs Children: Weight Pros & cons.The ready kids team. Homeschooling for Special Needs Children: Weighing Pros & Cons (readykids.com.au)

Background: this article it talks about the pros and cons of homeschooling a child with disabilities but is telling us also more about the role of the parents about what they do and witch resources they can refers too.

How did I use it: I use it by also providing some information about how the parents the role should work regarding been the school and the teachers for their kids.

Ray, B. D. (2017). Research facts on homeschooling. National Home Education Research Institute. Research Facts on Homeschooling – National Home Education Research Institute (nheri.org)

Background: research facts on homeschooling by national home education research institute.

How did I use it: I use it to provide numbers and statistics about homeschooling has numbers of people, numbers of homeschools, the numbers of homeschool performances of students.

Medlin, R. G. (2000). Home schooling and the question of socialization. Peabody Journal of Education, 75(1-2), 107-123. Home Schooling and the Question of Socialization: Peabody Journal of Education: Vol 75, No 1-2 (tandfonline.com)

Background: this is an article about homeschooling and the question of socialization.

How did I use it: I use this article to support my point about has a parent you cannot replace the teacher because the teacher is more dedicated and professional and have different impact on, your children while she is teaching him is different than you been teaching him.

Rudner, L. M. (1999). Scholastic achievement and demographic characteristics of home school students in 1998. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 7(8). ERIC – ED424309 – Scholastic Achievement and Demographic Characteristics of Home School Students in 1998., Education Policy Analysis Archives, 1999-Mar-23

Background: this article represents the Scholastic Achievement and Demographic Characteristics of Home School Students in 1998 by Rudner Lawrence M.

How did I use it: I use it to tell that also homeschoolers do good in education where not saying they not people how don’t get educated.

Isenberg, E. J. (2007). What have we learned about homeschooling? Peabody Journal of Education, 82(2-3), 387-409. What Have We Learned about Homeschooling? on JSTOR

Background: this is an article posted in the journal of education by Eric J. Isenberg telling us in general what is homeschooling.

How did I use it: I used to provide like the introduction of homeschool and what it is.

American University School of Education Online. (n.d.). The importance of school attendance. American University School of Educ ation Online. https://soeonline.american.edu/blog/importance-of-school-attendance/

Background: this is an article by ” School of education online programs” giving us information’s about why school attendance is important and the effect of chronic absenteeism on.

How did I use it: I use it to support my idea about that wake up take your backpack and go attend school it’s a really important point and it have a lot of benefits for the future and your career life and first of them and is one important for everything is to be on time and make balance in your life.

Smith, J. (2022, February 1). Studying Alone vs. Studying in a Group: Which Is More Effective? E2 Study Solution. https://www.e2studysolution.com/news/studying-alone-vs-studying-in-a-group-which-is-more-effective/

Background: this article by excel education is telling us about studying alone vs studying in a group: which is more effective?

How did I use it: I use it to support my point about study with a group of people like been in class or with your classmates after class is more beneficial than study by yourself between four walls.

This research paper discusses the mental impacts of art therapy on a person’s well being. The hypothesis being presented is that art therapy helps with expressing one’s emotions, as well as dealing with troubled adolescents in helping them address their feelings. Most research discusses the basics to art therapy, and its benefits and what will solve it. But it goes way deeper than basic expression, which is why my proposal will discuss how art therapy helps people become good at problem solving and developing new reward pathways in the brain, improving one’s mentality. Overall, it shows how easily applicable art therapy is to adolescents in contrast to other therapies. 

1. https://rdw.rowan.edu/etd/607 

Drass, Jessica Anne Masino, “Using art to teach problem-solving and other social skills: the effectiveness of the RATE Program” (2009). Theses and Dissertations.

Background: A program was conducted where a group of troubled south jersey teens were implemented into an after school program. This program used art therapy and an alternate form of expression which created a positive impact amongst the group. 

How I used this: Help me see the methodology behind how to reach adolescents who are troubled through art therapy. It is written by a Rowan University colleague and is discussing programs we could improve upon on campus with the psychological background provided. You see a real life example being used in this article. 

2. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-08986-002

Berberian, Marygrace. (2019). Creative Problem Solving in Art Therapy. 

Background: This article discusses the psychology behind art therapy. This is broken down into which parts of the activities and components, and how they apply towards progress in therapy. It goes through mental pathways and how different parts of the adolescent brain are touched through these different practices.

How I used this: A new impact I have not researched yet has been brought up in this article I found interesting and it is art therapies impact on resilience. This is a new quality that I believe coincides with the others I was researching and offers a new perspective. I liked being able to analyze this source, as I only had so many words, I had to debate between a few quotes and used process of elimination to be able to see which makes it into my argument. I got good at picking which sources fit better than others and deciding what fits best with my paper.

3.  https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8136

Su, Fei-Ya, “How Can Students Use Art to Learn Problem Solving?” (2020). Theses and Dissertations.

Background: The angle being brought up in this research paper is more expressing the teacher’s side of art. We see the impacts and focusing on the students, but this article brings into light how the art teachers see it from their end. On top of this the quality of the art teacher curriculum and the value art class holds is a very strongly led theme throughout this text.

How I used this: Looking at art therapy from a teacher’s perspective is a different view than a professional therapist. Looking at how two different fields value art therapy tactics highlights its applicability. Seeing a educators perspective is different from a therapist, or a doctor/researcher. I believe looking at multiple opinions allows for an audience to feel more easily convinced.

4. . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33132993/

Bosgraaf L, Spreen M, Pattiselanno K, van Hooren S. Art Therapy for Psychosocial Problems in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Narrative Review on Art Therapeutic Means and Forms of Expression, Therapist Behavior, and Supposed Mechanisms of Change. Front Psychol. 2020 Oct 8

Background: This source is a research study conducted on children who displayed psychosocial problems and how the application of art therapy impacted them. I believe this is a useful source as it gives experimental and scientific background while still overseeing studies that range within the adolescent age group. 

How I used this: This experiment is much more extensive, as well as much more professional. I was able to use this research that was done to help prove one of my points on the benefits. While a lot of the content was very difficult for a general audience to understand, the contents and summaries were very helpful and the amount of work provided in this research made it very easy to pull a good quote or example for the audience. It also helped me, because it helped me analyze and understand parts of an advanced text.

5. https://nexus.jefferson.edu/health/art-in-times-of-crisis/ 

Zielinska, E. (2020, June 23). Art in times of crisis. The Nexus. 

Background: While analyzing and extracting different scenarios, this article walks through different cases where art therapy could be applicable. In solving issues or facing crisis, there are multiple forms which art therapy can be applied to which are highlighted in this article.

How I used this:I believe this source is just fitting with the topic of application of art therapy towards problem solving. This article does discuss the reward pathways and the achievements of using art therapy. The language they use in this article is also easy to interpret and has many credible sources. The more I looked through this article, it provided a general baseline along my ideas, this source acted as something general for me to fall back onto. I took quotes from here which allowed for me to formulate the general idea around my topic

6.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279634/ doi: 10.3310/hta19180
Uttley L, Scope A, Stevenson M, et al. Systematic review and economic modelling of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of art therapy among people with non-psychotic mental health disorders. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2015 Mar. (Health Technology Assessment, No. 19.18.)

Background:This article acts as a review of how art therapy is applied towards non-psychotic disorders. This texts is an compilation of evidence and rebuttals that contrast one another about art therapy. There are examples provided along with controlled experiments. This is a compilation of data and analyzations of experiments conducted thought the authors work.

How I used this:I was able to help solidify my point where art therapy is highly effective and I got to look at it from a different point where factors such as cost and things such as the job field, this helped me add more onto my claim and help provide more studies where art therapy was proven effective.I used the models he provided and was able to break down different tactics into my paper.

7. Kristin Aquilino- Personal Interview

Background: My mom is an educator, and deals with many behavior issues from children grades K-5. I have seen firsthand how many therapy tactics and different curriculums have been implemented into her classroom since I had her as a teacher. She implements new arts and crafts therapy tactics in her classroom, as she has begun to see a spike in behavioral problem in the classroom.

How I used this: I decided that she was a good first hand source , and that a-lot could be learned from someone who knows how to manage and work with children firsthand. She actually had many stories and scenarios as to how it would work on her students, and how not only did it calm them down, but helped her as an educator. Being able to implement real life stories and experiences, from someone related to myself, the author of the piece, may help my audience see how vastly people can be seen using and being impacted by these tactics, and help further prove my point towards its applicability.

Proposal:

For my research essay, I will examine how video games can be used to reduce real-world violence and be of therapeutic use. People generally feel that video games are the root cause of many issues. While video games are present in the homes of many people who have committed violent actions, they are not the cause. Politics have done many negative things to video games, with the fearmongering that occurs over the news. My sources, however, show that video games have a positive influence on many different people. From the ways that these studies can help people with incurable illnesses to help people connect with themselves and others around them better,

Sources:

1. Full article: Video games as a complementary therapy tool in mental disorders: PlayMancer, a European multicentre study (tandfonline.com)

Background: Video games are a great aid in schizophrenic treatments. PlayMancer is a European Union initiative that is used to treat specific mental ailments, A specific game developed by PlayMancer, this game is made up of many different mini-games that have been specifically designed for the different ailments and their studies.

How I could use this: This source can be used to help show how video game research has been slowly coming towards showing how video games are a great way to help people. The therapeutic nature of video games can be used to aid in simple and smaller measures of mental health.

2. Video Games: Dispelling myths and tabloid headlines that videogames are bad – CORE Reader

Background: A Gamer is defined as someone who plays games, whatever way people play games no matter what. This source specifically highlights the social aspect that many games have through things like MMOs and other types of online games in general.

How I could use this: I could have used this source to show how the social aspect of video games can be used to help bring people together. The findings of many people report having better friendships online than the ones that they have made in real life and interact with daily. The long-lasting nature of online friendships that many people experience and tell of is on the same level as those who report having long-lasting childhood friendships.

3. Blazing Angels or Resident Evil? Can Violent Video Games be a Force for Good? – Christopher J. Ferguson, 2010 (rowan.edu)

Background: Violent video games have been around since the 1970s, while the violence has fluctuated to various degrees. The presence of violence in games has always been a major concern for people and politicians. These concerns stem from the general concern of violent media that has always been present and evolved from comics, movies, and TV. 

How I used this: The state of research in video game violence is a wild land of the found conclusions. Each study has shown different results, and things like gender control and such can show how the brain stimuli of people vary wildly. The found aggression of people who play games has also been found multiple times to be lower than those who consume violent TV. I used this source to help disprove multiple studies by my opposition in my rebuttal and research paper.

4. The Effects of Video Games on Cognition and Brain Structure: Potential Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders | SpringerLink (rowan.edu)

Background: This source details the different studies done to see how video games can be of therapeutic use. It has been shown that autistic children have many different benefits like facial memory, response to stimuli, and learning. Video games have a vast use in clinical studies, and they have been shown to change brain structures like how Super Mario 64 affects participants’ gray matter. 

How I could use this: I will use this source to show how video games can be of therapeutic use. The detailing of how VR games can help people with mental disabilities and brain damage is one of the ways that video games can help people. 

5. Virtual Reality in Psychological, Medical and Pedagogical Applications – Google Books

Background: Virtual Reality games are great in aiding health in general. Studies have also shown that games can help with the acceptance of mental awareness. VR games are a great way to study rises and falls in aggressive behavior due to the more personal nature that virtual reality possesses in comparison to regular video games.

How I could use this: I can use this source to show how VR games can promote general health in people. The lack of causation between mental illness and video games has been proven. While many people with mental issues have been shown to play games, there is zero proof that these games have caused the illness.

6. When and How Video Games Can Be Good: A Review of the Positive Effects of Video Games on Well-Being – Yemaya J. Halbrook, Aisling T. O’Donnell, Rachel M. Msetfi, 2019 (rowan.edu)

Background: The source details a study into how video games can have a positive effect on people and their mindsets. While many studies have found negative effects on well-being, they often do not have a control game to offset the negative effects. This study uses two different games to test the effects of games and their positive effects. Tetris was used to show that there are positive effects.

How I used this: I used this source to help define the healthy play and use of video games. The healthy use vs the unhealthy use is very clearly defined through moderation and obsession. This source I utilized this in both my Causal Argument and my Research paper, and I think that this source was a great way to help illustrate the differences between the two extremes of play.

7. Understanding the lives of problem gamers: The meaning, purpose, and influences of video gaming – ScienceDirect

Background: The different themes and subdivisions of video games and how people use them as a pastime are delved into. From the two large categories of Gaming as meaningful and purposeful to Push and pull influences on the amount of gaming. These two broad categories and their subcategories which I won’t get into boil into the Meaningful and purposeful gamers as being healthily integrated into their lives, having a purposeful connection like relaxation, and experiencing a culture of people with similar interests. Push and pull influences are over how their personal lives interact with their gaming, how they interact with those around them, and how they interact with things outside of their control.

How I used this: I used this source similarly to the last source to help prove the poor effects that people feel when using video games as a coping mechanism for their problems. While some people’s issues and problems aren’t as bad as others it is not good no matter what for one to use something as the sole outlet for their problems.

8. JMIR Serious Games – Gaming Your Mental Health: A Narrative Review on Mitigating Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using Commercial Video Games

Background: Gaming can be used as a supplemental source of helping depression. The large downward spiral of mental health during COVID was felt by about 44% of the male population according to the study. The study found that certain game genres like RPGs were a good way to help depressive episodes through healthy online interactions with people who also play whatever RPG is chosen. 

How I used this: I used this source in both my causal and research paper and I used it to show how games can be used to help aid in helping depression as long as it is not used as the sole coping mechanism. While different genres of games help in different manners and ways those with online interactions can help people through what their facing.

9. The Impact of Video Games on the Players Behaviors: A Survey – ScienceDirect

Background: The impact of video games on players socially, educationally, and entertainment-wise are all spoken of and broached upon. The effects of different levels of aggression and how they affect different mental functions and abilities are shown to vary. Multiple different collection methods of player behavioral data are taken to accurately measure how the content is affecting the player. Different players are affected by different levels of aggression.

How I used this: In both my Causal and Research papers his source I used this to show that while aggressive people can be affected by aggression present in games, it is not the games that cause aggressive people to act in this manner. The quote “that comes through playing a specific video game varies from player to player depending on how the content of the video game is displayed and interpreted to the player’s mind.”  indicates how different mindsets can be affected by games as a whole. It is not just aggressive people being affected by aggression but it can be related to people who like puzzles being affected by large amounts of Tetris.  

10. Video Game Violence Use Among “Vulnerable” Populations: The Impact of Violent Games on Delinquency and Bullying Among Children with Clinically Elevated Depression or Attention Deficit Symptoms | Journal of Youth and Adolescence (rowan.edu)

Background: The importance of finding accurate measurements of aggression in children and the link towards video games. Monitoring children with mental disabilities and their relationship with video games is important because of the higher risk they pose of being affected by aggressive stimulants present in certain video games.

How I could use this: I could use this source to show that while people with mental issues are often the source of violent actions linked to video games this is not always the case. It is important to show how those with disabilities are vulnerable to what happens but only a small percentage go on to commit horrible crimes.

11. ProQuest Ebook Central – Reader Mental Health in the Digital Age

Background: This study is on the different levels of aggressive content and how people are affected by these levels. The research goes in-depth on how aggression can be defined and in which ways different people engage in what many would consider to be aggressive behavior

How I used this: The definition of aggression is an important distinction in my paper as aggression is defined as nonconsensual acts of violence towards another. So children engaging in a game involving rough housing are not engaging in aggressive behavior. This is very important to distinguish between because to many people any type of aggressive behavior is automatically assumed to be a negative because of games. This study goes on to show that there is little to no difference between how people are affected by different types of aggression in media.

12. Consequences of Play: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Online Gaming | International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (springer.com)

Background: How players are affected by different genres of games like MMORPGs and VR games are looked into because of the influx of issues seen in the news. The study, however, finds that MMORPGs often have a positive effect on gamers and their social interactions due to the collaborative nature of the world. The consequences of gaming in general are also looked into and the study found that only those who are engaging in problematic play and use are truly negatively affected.

How I used this: I used this piece in both my rebuttal and my research paper to show how my opposition has the negative effects of video games misconstrued in the public eye. The second quote I used from this source shows how people expected that Virtual Reality games would have the highest rate of affecting players’ aggression when in reality these games had zero effect on their mental state whatsoever.

13. Violent video games and real-world violence: Rhetoric versus data. (apa.org)

Background: The nature of how players have been affected through aggressive content and the exploitatively bombastic approach the media takes in linking these small and benign behaviors to horrendous incidents that are the sole fault of video games are looked into. The correlational data between violent game releases and minor spikes in particularly violent crimes are noted.

How I used this: I used this source to show the statistical fall in crime rates since the general debut of video games. While the source does try to link different horrific crimes to the release of video games I used a different source to actively disprove it and my opposition. The supposition of linking violent crimes to video games is purely speculative especially because of the noted fall in crime rates.

14. Does Playing Violent Video Games Induce Aggression? Empirical Evidence of a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study: Media Psychology: Vol 8, No 1 (tandfonline.com)

Background: The study attempts to prove how aggressive games can suppress different areas of the brain overtaking areas such as the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex. The study of players in different phases of play in one game is used to show these different manners in which they suppose the brain will react to stimuli.

How I used this: I used this source in my rebuttal to show how the process of studying how aggressive and nonaggressive stimulants affect players. The source states how they used only one game to show the difference between aggression and nonaggressive behaviors. I used this to illustrate the flaws in some studies in the lack of a control group to show how different games entirely affect behaviors as calm segments of otherwise aggressive games will still leave remnants of aggression in players.

15. Violent Video Games, Delinquency, and Youth Violence: New Evidence – Matt DeLisi, Michael G. Vaughn, Douglas A. Gentile, Craig A. Anderson, Jeffrey J. Shook, 2013 (sagepub.com)

Background: The study outlines how media violence is a major risk factor for a rise in aggression and youth violence. The study follows incarcerated juveniles and separates them by gender. Different studies don’t usually cover the female side of aggression so the study uses a different spin on the same level of study that every researcher has done.

How I used this: I used this essay in my rebuttal to further illustrate how flawed studies are looked at. The quote I used from the article is the researchers stating that they are testing incarcerated teenagers to see how video games affect them. This is not a good practice to test levels of aggression as these compromised individuals have been found to already possess levels of aggression that the average person doesn’t have.