Counterintuitive Fall 2024

 Listen to music will give you health benefits 

Music has been here for many years. We use it  to occupy ourselves when we study or are bored or help us deal with emotions. Music is a lifestyle for many people. It helps them talk about issues and subjects they aren’t comfortable talking about with people or considered wrong in society. But did you know the music might be able to help with health benefits? This was due because of music therapy. Music therapy is used to treat patients suffering from a wild variety of ailments . Not only is it for treating emotional and mental issues but it has been shown to help treat patients who suffer from physical ailments , which is a big problem in society.

Mental health is a problem that has taken over society for many many years.Its not something you can just catch, it’s a problem that affects us globally. It is a problem with no solution because there is no known medication that you can take to make it go away forever .Many people are dealing with mental health issues but they have no way to cure it . It’s a problem that many people have to face alone and just pray that they can beat it. Music therapy has shown to help those with mental illness like depression trauma and schizophrenia. Music provides them with a chance to feel safe and comfort. It helps them be able to express their emotions and grief and also helps them process it especially for those who don’t know how to express their emotions in order to get help because it makes them feel weak and powerless. There are many ways to use music to help those with mental health but the ones that are mostly used are lyric analysis, improvisation music playing, active music playing, and songwriting. Lyric Analysis and songwriting encourages those to talk about topics that are hard to discuss. They can talk about what they have gone through or how they feel through song instead of physically talking to someone which might be hard for them since they might be talking about a traumatic event. Many artists use this kind of method today in some of their music. Improvisation music play encourages socialization. They can socialize by playing music together which can bring them comfort and relaxation because it also helps them know that they are not in this alone . Active music listening is used to control emotions or moods. It helps you relax and be calm. This method is something that many people use today. For example when someone is feeling sad they might listen to happy music in order to boost their emotions and feel happy again. Music also helps deal with anxiety. Having anxiety is basically being nervous all the time even about the littlest things but listening to music might be a way of dealing with it because it helps you calm your nerves in order to allow you to not overthink so much and help us not to be anxious all the time. 

As much as music helps mental illness it also helps physical illness. Music can lower the chances of having a heart attack or a stroke. Since music helps relax as it has shown that it could lower blood pressure and it can counteract the damaging effects of stress. Many people who have experienced a stroke have to deal with the side effects of losing their speech. They could sing their thoughts and memories until they are able to remember them without the melody.As many people already know music affects the brain . It helps brain development in children which can later benefit them in life. It also helps with dealing with pain. It helps them feel like they control their pain. Since there are many medications such morphine or pain killers or chemo already used to deal with physical illness, music therapy is not used as much to treat it as it is used to treat mental illness. It is still considered a great way to help prevent having physical illnesses. 

Even though some people are already using music therapy as a way to help mental illness and physical illness. I believe that more people should learn about it and they should teach more about it because it is a good way to help those who are in pain. Many people today are suffering with no way of helping their pain even though there is many medication that can help with pain, they still know they are in pain mentally. I think that music is a great way to help them relax and help distract themselves from the things that are stressing them and from the pain that is hurting them. We should consider using Music until we find a definite way of helping people with mental illness,stress, and anxiety. Music is a form of art that has been around for 1000 years. Everyone has their own style music that they make or listen to. It’s something that we used to entertain ourselves or other people at parties or events  but we never would have thought it would be something we could use to help us deal with mental and physical problems which is amazing. As we evolve and as the world evolves I hope we find a way to show people that music is truly a great way to help us deal with these problems because there are many many benefits of listening to music or creating music . 

References

Warren,M. (2016).The Impact of Music Therapy on Mental Health.National Alliance on Mental Illness https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/December-2016/The-Impact-of-Music-Therapy-on-Mental-Health

Harvard Women Health Watch.(2016).How music can heal you.Harvard Health Publishing https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/how-music-can-help-you-heal

Rob Manfred, Put on Your Thinking Cap

Each year, baseball fans preemptively get psyched for the upcoming MLB season. From the second the World Series concludes until Opening Day, a large majority of baseball fans have hope, both for a surplus of riveting offseason acquisitions and for a successful next season. But there are also fans that are dreading their team’s future. These fans root for teams that seemingly have no shot at any sort of postseason contention, as well as teams that have no intention of spending any money or making any significant trades in the offseason. Why are some teams afraid to make moves while other organizations spend big money?

The luxury tax in Major League Baseball fails to create competitive balance because it does not set a finite limit for spending, inviting big market teams to exceed it and gain an advantage. More importantly, the luxury tax is not punishing enough which is why rich teams are so capable of flaunting the penalties and fines. Mike Axisa reviews the significant decrease in teams paying luxury tax penalties after the 2018 season in his CBS Sports article, “Only Red Sox, Nationals owe luxury tax in 2018 as MLB teams combine for smallest bill in 15 years,” but he fails to recognize that 2018 was an outlier season. One reason for the sudden decrease in teams paying luxury tax penalties is that two MLB teams had been paying the fines for many years. Big market teams reset the luxury tax threshold by going under the threshold for one year in order to avoid the repeat-offense surtaxes.

In Axisa’s article, he writes,

“The Yankees had paid luxury tax every year since the system was implemented in 2003 before getting under the threshold in 2018. They paid over $340 million in luxury tax penalties from 2003-17. The Dodgers paid luxury tax each year from 2013-17 before getting under this past season.”

By going over the luxury tax, both the Yankees and Dodgers were able to dominate their divisions. In the 10-season stretch from 2003-2012, the Yankees won their division seven times, made the playoffs nine times (only in 2007 were they not a playoff team), and won a World Series in 2009. Meanwhile, the Dodgers had paid the tax and won their division every year from 2013-2017. They also advanced to Game 7 of the 2017 World Series before losing to the Houston Astros (who have since been persecuted for cheating in that series). The luxury tax penalties clearly do not phase big market teams, but smaller market teams do not have the financial means to exceed the luxury tax for fifteen straight years!

Teams can spend less money and still be successful, but a hard salary cap provides constant stability and competitive balance for the league, regardless of how much money is spent by small market teams. The Tampa Bay Rays are a beautiful example of a team succeeding while spending very little. In fact, the 2019 Rays had the lowest payroll in baseball yet won 96 games and earned themselves the second Wild Card spot in the American League. They’ve been beating the odds for years. However, their success has been largely influenced by an elite general manager and coaches who consistently turn outcasts into some of MLB’s most productive players. Since the year 2000, there has only been one true small market team to have won a World Series: the Kansas City Royals, while the top five markets in MLB: New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Boston have combined for half of the World Series’ won in the past two decades. Simply put, teams that spend the most tend to win the most.

On the other hand, the NFL has achieved consistent parity by using the hard cap. The league is incredibly balanced due to the hard cap, and it encourages smaller market teams to spend money, thereby opening the door for them to compete on AND off the field with the bigger markets. In John Vrooman’s journal article, titled “A General Theory of Professional Sports Leagues,” he conducted a study regarding market size and revenue elasticity of winning within MLB, NFL, and NBA.

“The estimates of the revenue elasticity of winning are consistent with the hypotheses of the general theory of sports leagues. MLB has the highest winning elasticity (b=.6), the NBA has less (b=.5), while the NFL has the lowest revenue elasticity of winning (b=.12). These results are precisely what should be expected under the current institutional configuration of the three leagues. The large market revenue advantage is greatest in MLB, less for the NBA, and the least for the NFL.”

Only 3 teams: the Cleveland Browns, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and the New York Jets, have not made a postseason appearance since 2014. On the other hand, a whopping 8 teams in Major League Baseball, which is more than ¼ of the league’s teams, have experienced postseason droughts since 2014! In addition, as stated earlier, half of the World Series winners over the past 20 years have come from the top five MLB markets. Why is there such a difference? In large part it is directly due to the hard salary cap. Less incentive to tank and more (but limited) spending due to the regulations of a hard cap creates parity in the NFL. As a result, they are the king of competitive balance in American professional sports while MLB continues to struggle with payroll disparities.

In addition, the use of a hard salary cap would also make attendance and TV ratings go up, which would in turn boost MLB’s economy, which would then raise the hard cap and allow general managers to hand out larger contracts to the players. For example, NFL’s attendance and TV ratings are thriving due to their consistently entertaining and drama-filled regular seasons, postseasons, and off-seasons. Meanwhile, Major League Baseball is experiencing a significant drop in their ratings. According to the article “From Terrible Teams To Rising Costs: Why MLB Attendance Is Down Over 7% Since 2015,” written by Maury Brown of Forbes,

“Since 2015, the last year that MLB saw a slight uptick, attendance has dropped 7.14%, or a loss of 5,265,268 fans purchasing tickets and attending games. For 2019, the league saw 14 clubs out of 30 with attendance declines from last season.”

Admittedly, the NFL’s success is not entirely reliant on its hard cap system. But it certainly plays a role in increasing fan engagement which is still vital for a sport’s success. Greater competition creates greater demand and intrigue from fans. The aforementioned drop in fan engagement seen in MLB is in large part due to widespread belief among general managers that their purchase(s) of players will not be enough to contend with the stacked big market teams in the playoffs. Revenues may be soaring, as his title reads, but the fans and popularity of the sport are more essential to the future of the game than revenue. And fans do not want to watch a league that lacks competitive balance, one where the current luxury tax rules benefit only a small percentage of teams while scaring the others away from improving the quality that they put on the field. The more fans that would watch and attend games, the more money Major League Baseball would make. The more money they would make, the more the salary cap would increase. A transition to using a hard cap would not only make fans happier, but it would also benefit the sport as a whole, and the average player salary would increase!

And if a hard salary cap is not endorsed by MLB? Well, once again Major League Baseball must face a harsh reality. There is an irrefutable relationship between team spending, league parity, and fan support as portrayed above. When teams spend, there is league parity, and when there is league parity, fans are pleased and attendance and TV ratings go up. Since Major League Baseball’s luxury tax system is failing to encourage all teams to spend, there is no league parity and fans are not showing support as a result.  The Miami Marlins are one of several teams that have immensely struggled to get fans through their ballpark gates in recent years. It comes as no surprise that they have the combined worst overall win-percentage in baseball the last three seasons and were at the bottom of the league in payroll in 2018. In 2019, the Marlins were dead last in team attendance with a measly 10,000 fans per game. The franchise is in severe danger of being relocated or even eliminated from the league, and any team contraction would be incredibly harmful to the game. Losing an entire franchise would result in lower player salaries around the league, tens of players looking for new jobs, and an entire market removed from MLB’s economy. League parity is a necessity for the growth of baseball. Fans, players,  owners, and the sport itself would be beneficiaries of the implementation of a hard salary cap.

References

Axisa, M. (2018, December 15). Only Red Sox, Nationals owe luxury tax in 2018 as MLB teams combine for smallest bill in 15 years.

Brown, M. (2019, October 4). From Terrible Teams To Rising Costs: Why MLB Attendance Is Down Over 7% Since 2015.

Vrooman, J. (1995). A General Theory of Professional Sports Leagues. Southern Economic Journal, 61(4), 971-990. doi:10.2307/1060735

How Working Too Many Hours While Going to College Full Time Causes a Negative Impact in Students’ Every-Day Lives

While the mental health of working and non-working college students battle the difficulties of adjusting to adulthood, the mental health of working college students is negatively affected by the added responsibilities of an acquired job. The academic performance, emotional state, and amount of sleep these college students possess are continuously being jeopardized due to excessive workload throughout the week. Since there are benefits of having a job, like gaining experience, managing time, or earning paychecks, more college students are likely to work while going to school full-time. Whether they are going to work part-time or full-time, jumping back and forth to school and work, students do not realize that they are harming their education. These students lack the advantage to choose whether they want a job and it becomes a priority during their time in college. While working college students’ mental health issues continue to grow, unfortunately, universities make it their last problem to worry about. 

Mental Health issues such as stress, anxiety, depression, sleep deprivation, and several other issues are what many students experience as they attend college full-time and live on campus. Working at the same time is the reason why these mental health issues become worse within these college students. In the article, “Relationship of Work Hours With Selected Health Behaviors and Academic Progress Among a College Student Cohort,” of Journal of American College Health, Vo. 56, No. 6, authors Kim Miller, Fred Danner, and Ruth Staten claim that working more than twenty hours per week has more of an effect on students than working less than twenty hours per week. Working more than twenty hours per week leaves college students little amount of time to accomplish other priorities on their schedule, including sleep. While the average human should be sleeping at least eight hours every night, working college students only get a full-night’s sleep about one or two times a week, says Zachariah Ezer, author of the article Not Enough Hours in the Day: Work Study Students and Sleep. “Binge drinking, less sleep, and lower academic performance were significantly associated with working 20 more hours per week,” Miller, Danner, and Staten have concluded. With this added pressure of completing every task, every event, and every assignment on their schedule, leaving them no time for enough sleep or a mental break, the mental health issues of these working college students result to be worse than the mental health issues of unemployed college students. 

Moreover, while full-time college students are working more than they should per week, causing their mental health to impair, these mental health issues are causing a decline in academic performances, lack of self-care, and suppressed emotions.  Juggling back and forth between academics, school, work, a social life, self-care, and other activities leaves students with a full schedule. The more hours college students spend time at work throughout the week, the more likely it is they are forced to face a tighter budget of time for everything else. Authors Miller, Danner, and Staten state, “This age group in our study shows that students who work longer hours in off-campus employment tend to be less involved in campus life, less likely to interact with faculty, ands more likely to have lower grade point averages (GPAs) than are those who work fewer hours.” Spending less time on course effort, sleep, socializing,  and other priorities formulates a snowball effect of not having time to study as often as unemployed students, not having time for professors’ office hours, and even some cases, not having the motivation to continue school.

Working longer hours in off-campus employment does not just affect the amount of time that students can study for their academics, but it also means that these college students spend less time getting involved on campus, causing social dissociation. Being on campus, college students have a choice to get involved in extracurricular activities, sports, clubs, programs, events, and everything in between, but with employment taking up most of their time, students do not have that choice. With working college students’ social life depleting between classes and their job, students are barely around to hold positions on campus; for example, leadership positions, networking positions, or scholar positions that make it easier to pay for college. 

Meanwhile, full-time college students get a job in the first place because of the pros that come to mind without realizing the cons. One of the main reasons students get a job is because they need one to survive, pay off rent, and buy groceries while also paying for their college tuition. In the article, College Students and Time Use: Do Working and Nonworking Students Spend Their Time Differently?, author Heidi D’Amato expresses, “The students who fall into the ‘middle’ of the income distribution, who are too wealthy to receive full financial assistance and too poor to have families pay for their enrollment, are the most likely to spend a significant amount of time working off-campus to pay their college expenses.” Paying off their college tuition plays a big part in why students work so much along with the financial obligations that stress college students to get a job and work long hours, endlessly threatening their sleep time and mental health. Another reason why college students get a job and work long hours is because they need experience for their career that starts after they graduate college. Many professional jobs require some type of experience, and without experience, it is difficult to be accepted for that job. For example, in the article, “Working while in college might hurt students more than it helps” on CNBC, author Anthony P. Carnevale illustrates, “Especially in a tight labor market, recent college graduates need directly applicable work experience to land a good job straight out of college. But the reality is that in a paid services job, a student does not learn much more than how to show up on time.” College students believe that they are thinking ahead of the game and preparing themselves for their future, but that is not always the case. Furthermore, many students want a chance to build their resumes, so as a result, students will overwhelm themselves with priorities and activities to fill their schedule, leading them to forget how important it is to take a break for their mental health. When employed college students forget how to balance their schedule, they also forget to understand why they are attending college in the first place, and that is to get a degree. 

Ultimately, the mental health of working college students is continuously being negatively affected by the added responsibilities of an acquired job. With the added pressure of balancing academics, employment, extracurricular activities, a social life, and self-care to maintain a lifestyle, leaving them no time for enough sleep or a mental break, the mental health issues of these working college students result to be worse than the mental health issues of unemployed college students. Authors Miller, Danner, and Staten emphasize that 57% of college students work while attending college, and that Fur and Elling reported that 81% of students who worked 20 or more hours per week believed that work “frequently negatively impacts academic progress.” Yes, there are benefits like earning a paycheck, gaining experience, and building a resume, but one thing that is unrecognizable to these working college students is that the academic performance, emotional state, and amount of sleep they possess is being jeopardized by the excessive workload throughout the week. Employed college students do not realize they are going to be working for the rest of their lives until they retire, so they should take advantage of the time they spend in college because who knows when they will get it back. Students attend college to get an education and earn a degree, but when these students forget to balance their schedule and forget to take a break for their mental health, then the remainder of their time results to be very limited for the academics, study sessions, social life, and other priorities. When universities begin to be concerned about assisting working college students, then this pressured class of students can improve their academic ability, sense of well-being, and financial obligations. 

References

Miller, K., Danner, F., & Staten, R. (n.d.). Relation of Work Hours with Selected Health Behaviors and Academic Progress Among a College Students Cohert. Retrieved April 5, 2020.

Ezer, Z. (2017, March 30). Not Enough Hours in the Day: Work Study Students and Sleep. Retrieved April 5, 2020.

Carnevale, Anthony P, G. U. C. on E. and the W. (2019, November 21). Working while in college might hurt students more than it helps.

D’Amato, Heidi (2015, May 12). College Students and Time Use: Do Working and Nonworking Students Spend Their Time Differently?

Save Your Body

In today’s world I think it is safe to say that sports are a big part of many people’s lives. Those people can range from 6 years old to 100 years old. In “Hey, data data — swing!,” written by Bruce Kelley and Carl Carchia, they said “ 21.5 M is the total number of kids between age 6 to 17 that play team sports.” And that’s just the youth that was recorded in that survey. Think about all the professional athletes, and adults that play sports for fun, that could match the number of children that play sports. When you think about how many people watch sports that number is even more. In 2020, according to “Super Bowl TV audience rises slightly to 99.9 million viewers,” Helen Coster says “99.9 million viewers watched the Super Bowl this year,” and that’s just football. So I think it is safe to say that sports are an important part of society. But is it a safe part of society? 

Growing up many children, starting around the age 6, are introduced to the idea of playing sports. At a young age that sounds very exciting to most kids, and the excitement only increases as they get older. And it is important to participate in physical activity and sports when we are little to meet new people, stay in shape, and just have fun. But just like the excitement, as the children get older the level of difficulty increases and so does the risk for injuries. It has been said in “Sports Injuries Statistics,” from Stanford Children Health, by National SAFE KIDS Campaign and the American Academy of Pediatrics that “Sports-related injury severity increases with age.”  As they grow through playing these sports so does their love and passion. This means that the more they start to love the sport, their team, etc the more they are going to start to love winning as well. Even if winning means that they are willing to get injured themselves, or willing to injure someone else in the meantime, even if they don’t necessarily mean it. That is when sports start to get dangerous, and your health not only starts to get affected as a young teen, but will be affected for the rest of your lives.

I know for myself growing up playing sports I was constantly getting injured, but that could just be because I’m clumsy. Because of those injuries I was told that I would have to stop playing sports and give my body a break because I have already damaged it for life. Those were not words that I particularly wanted to hear so I kept pushing my body and I regret it to this day. I was the living definition of the overuse of sports, that lead to overuse injuries. Overuse injuries are subtle and usually occur overtime, making them more challenging to treat. They also usually come with longer lasting symptoms that could last years after happening. People usually get these injuries from not listening to their bodies when they get injured and just keep pushing. According to the article “What Happens If You Keep Playing Sports When You’re Injured?,” from Teens Health from Nemours, Sarah Gibson says “ playing through a sports injury can cause damage that keeps you on the bench longer. Playing through an injury may even end your sports career entirely.” So you eventually have to ask yourself, is it worth it? I know at the time for most teenagers sports are a big deal, it is something to have a passion for and it helps make friends but unless you can see yourself having a serious future in it, it isn’t worth jeopardizing things in your future.

When we are young our bodies have the ability to heal faster, and makeup for the damage that we tend to put ourselves through. The phrase “the fountain of youth,” is not just a phrase but is often right. Doctors will often say to patients when they are young coming in with an injury or sickness that age is on their side. I’ve also heard doctors say it is better to get the injuries out of the way when you are a child because as you get older they might become harder to overcome. But what about the injuries that never seem to heal and only get worse when you are older. Injuries like stress fractures, that usually don’t heal and only get worse, sciatica, which is lower back pain that also gets worse and can lead to nerve and other serious damage in your back. Being in constant pain or even pain when it rains is a price most people will have to pay for playing sports in their youth years. Why pay the price of not being able to pick up your grandchild, do gardening outside your house, or playing with your dog, because these are the simple things that those common injuries can burden adults, and elderly people if faced with them. 

Playing sports is a part of life, a way of life, and a passion to some people. But along with that it can also be an end to a way of life and a healthy life. Going through an injury, at the time we may think that it will get better, it will heal, and I’ll go back to how I used to be, but in reality it often won’t. I think sports are a key part of life, I know I met many friends on my teams, and had some of the best memories while I was doing it but it has left me in pain everyday since. Although I wouldn’t trade the memories for the world, if I would have stopped when I was told I could maybe still do the things I loved to do, like run, play a friendly field hockey game, or do a cartwheel. It is simply knowing how far is too far, and if you go too far you may never be able to go back to normal. The toll that our body takes by doing what we like to do isn’t worth it in the end so make sure you know when it is time to give it up for a healthier future.

References

Coster, H. (2020, February 3).Super Bowl TV audience rises slightly to 99.9 million viewers. Retrieved April 5, 2020

default –Stanford Children’s Health. (n.d.). Retrieved April 5, 2020

Gibson, S. R. (Ed.). (2014, June). What Happens If You Keep Playing Sports When You’re Injured? (for Teens)– Nemours KidsHealth. Retrieved April 5, 2020

Kelley, B., & Carchia, C. (2013, July 11).  “Hey, data data — swing!”. Retrieved April 5, 2020

Having a Difficult Childhood Creates Extraordinary Individuals.

You take for example, celebrities and athletes who had to work their way up from nothing in order to get to where they are today compared to the children of celebrities who have already had a head start to their careers just by being born. There is something different about them, a more humble attitude on things. No matter how much they gain, their attitude and persona continue to be unpretentious. Oprah Winfrey, whose childhood was full of moving from family member to family member all in small apartments sharing rooms, and at one point facing sexual abuse from family members. Through these many hardships, she still managed to become one of the most successful talk show hosts, television producers, etc. She shares her success with her followers and people who need it most through gifts and donations. And in recent news she donated $10 million to the coronavirus relief.  

This can be seen in every line of work, not only celebrities. Successful business men and women, many of whom started out with nothing to their names persevered  and climbed the economies ladder. What all of these different groups of individuals have in common is that they have all had to figure out how to do things on their own, without the help from their parents or anyone else. This one simple idea is what defines them and is what needs to be implemented throughout every child’s upbringing. The real challenge is determining what specific steps need to be done to do this the correct way. 

It goes to show that not all people who’ve had a difficult upbringing become amazing people, parents who commit crime and have substance abuse tend to have children who grow up doing the same. “First, the broken family creates conditions to predispose children to criminal activities” says Effects of Family Structure on Crime a collection of data created by Marripedia a social science encyclopedia. They go on to talk about several different statistical evidence such as individuals who have been charged by police and then separating them by family structure and religious practice to name one. “The scholarly evidence suggests that at the heart of the explosion of crime in America is the loss of the capacity of fathers and mothers to be responsible in caring for the children they bring into the world.” The years children spend with their parents or guardians are what decides what type of person they’ll be, but those who work to be their own person and not be defined by their parents, learn lessons along the way that few have the chance to. This leads to them becoming an individual who is down to earth and well rounded. 

This is even depicted in movies, the main character who doesn’t use fancy training techniques and often comes from a single parent home, defying all odds, and against the one who has had everything they could have ever needed given to them. Classic movies like the Karate Kid, Daniel who is from a single parent home and no background in martial arts defies all odds and competes against his bully in a tournament. He not only wins the match, but he gains the respect of his enemy, which turns out is what he needed all along. What sounds like one of the cheesiest story lines is what inspired many other story lines to come. A hero figure, from humble beginnings, takes matters into their own hands to get what they want and persevere. The types of movies are inspiring and for most viewers and makes them want to be better people. 

So why don’t we do this in real life? Unfortunately the desire to want to be successful is not naturally in all of us. The individual needs to decide that they want to become better, and in order for that to happen parents must inspire them to do so. What many immediately think when this topic is brought up is that we as a society can’t drastically alter the way we raise kids. Especially if the thing that we’re changing is making a child’s upbringing inherently worse. 

To fully apprehend this concept you must be open for new ideas, including ones that challenge your beliefs. It is only natural for parents to want the best for their child, and give them everything they could ever want in life. However what you want in life and what you need to survive and to succeed are two drastically different things. By giving your child a set of skills they can use to survive on their own can be one of the greatest gifts of all. Children need to want to survive on their own and become successful as their own person. These qualities can be seen in all of the celebrities and athletes discussed earlier. Individuals who learn to survive on their own and want to get out of the life they are currently living to strive for something that is better, this is what makes an extraordinary individual.

References

Hustand, Megan “Surprising Benefits for Those Who Had Tough Childhoods” Psychology Today. 7 Mar. 2017. Reviewed 17 Oct. 2019

Dr.Fagan, Pat “Effects of Family Structure on Crime” Marripedia