Counterintuitive Fall 2024

For my research paper I will be tackling the issue with reducing the carbon emission generated by forms of power that utilize fossil fuels. As time goes by global warming and carbon emission have become a major problem in society. I will be researching the effect of utilizing the use of more nuclear power plants to reduce carbon emission in energy production instead of using fossil fuels that produce a large amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Through my research my goal is to examine how society can achieve a completely carbon free power grid and how nuclear power can be a key component in solving this issue.

Society may argue that renewable sources are enough to reduce carbon emission and stop using fossil fuels for power generation. I intend to research why just using renewable sources are not consistent enough to provide enough electricity for the growing power use in the word. Instead I intend to research how the use of nuclear power along side renewable sources can help reduce carbon emissions in the power industry.

Hybrid nuclear-renewable energy systems: A review

Background: This article explores the relationship between energy and climate change. The article explains how renewable sources cannot sufficiently produce enough energy on their own. Instead the article purposes that both nuclear and renewable sources should be utilized.

How I intend to use it: I Intend to use this to explain why using strictly renewable sources of energy will prove to be inefficient to produce the words energy. The article explains that society must move away from sources of energy that releases a large amount of greenhouse gases. But explains the issues with using strictly renewable sources like wind, and solar.

Role of nuclear energy to a future society of shortage of energy resources and global warming

Background: This article tackles the issue of global warming and the words energy consumption. The author explains how fossil fuels are limited and how they emit large amounts of Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere. The article explains that nuclear energy will be a key component in reducing Carbon Dioxide emission and to keep up with the growing energy consumption.

How I intend to use it: I Intend to use this article to explain how global warming and energy consumption will continue to become a major issue if energy sources that emit carbon dioxide are continued to be used. The article explains that nuclear energy will be a key role in reducing carbon emission. Which will help me argue that nuclear power plants are necessary.

The benefits of nuclear flexibility in power system operations with renewable energy

Background: This article explains how nuclear power plants can be operated at a mode that is not at maximum capacity instead regulated, because nuclear power plants can operate at different levels of production. It claims that nuclear power plants operated at not maximum capacity are a lot safer than normal nuclear plants. This article explains that these plants should be operated alongside renewable sources of energy to obtain low carbon emissions.

How I Intend to use it: I Intend to use the information in this article to explain and argue how nuclear energy can be utilized in a carbon emission free power system. I will also use it to explain how nuclear reactors can be operated at different production levels to make them safer and less expensive to maintain.

Going nuclear for climate mitigation: An analysis of the cost effectiveness of preserving existing U.S. nuclear power plants as a carbon avoidance strategy

Background: This article explains the amount of carbon-free energy being produced by current nuclear power plants in the united states and explains that many of these plants are at risk of “premature retirement.” The article explains that the retirement of power plants would increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The article also explores that the price of nuclear power outweighs the social cost of carbon dioxide emissions.

How I intend to use it: I intend to use this article to explain that nuclear power plants already provide a large amount of carbon-free energy and by utilizing nuclear more we can eliminate the use of carbon emitting sources. I will use this article to argue the price of nuclear power plants is not as expensive as society believes it to be.

Improving Nuclear Power Plant Safety with FeCrAl Alloy Fuel Cladding

Background: This article explains that nuclear energy is extremely reliable and a clean way of producing energy. But the article focuses on explaining the development of a new a safer fuel to enhance accident prevention. The use of this new full called FeCrAl will allow nuclear power plants to operate with a lower risk of failure and will be ultimately safer.

How Intend to use it: I intend to use this article to explain that nuclear power is becoming a lot safer than society believes it to be. With the development of a new fuel called FeCrAl nuclear reactors will be able to operate with less risk of failure. I will use this article to argue how this fuel makes it safer and explain how disasters are less likely to happen because of technological advancements.

For my research essay I will be discussing the idea that NBA players should get a college degree either before entering the league, during, or after. I want to be able to find players who believe that getting a college degree is important, even though they are already making money just by playing basketball. 60% of NBA players go broke the first five years after their retirement because they do not have the skills to handle their money. The future is mysterious so NBA players do not know what is waiting for them after the NBA.

1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/199851180?accountid=13605&rfr_id=info%3Axri%2Fsid%3Aprimo

Background: This article discusses NBA players: Tim Duncan and Keith Van Horn both going to four year colleges. They were Number 1 and 2 draft picks of the 1997 NBA draft. They both got bachelors degrees and saw it as an opportunity if anything went wrong with their basketball careers. Both made promises to parents who passed away, which was to finish school. 

How I Intend to Use it: This article will help me keep in mind that some NBA players did in fact stay in college for four years and get bachelors degrees. They were still able to come out of the draft as Number 1 and 2 picks, so it shows that their talents didn’t lesson just because they stayed in school longer. 

2. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA146912763&v=2.1&u=rowan&it=r&p=OVIC&sw=w

Background: This article discusses Duke University using a three year program for their athletes to graduate sooner so they can get to the draft. The athletes do some summer school to make sure they have all their credits done in three years to graduate. 

How I Intend to Use it: This article will help my argument that there is a possible way for the athletes to get their degrees. The athletes would just have to work really hard to get their degree in three years so they could go to the draft. 

3. https://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=9b571d9a-33c2-4998-8d56-d2cddda15e2a%40sessionmgr103

Background: This article discusses NBA players returning to school to get their degree. Many players went back to school after they retired, while some players continued to do school while they were in the league. Some players are even going for their graduate degree while they continue to play. 

How I Intend to Use it: This article will help me show that there were people who got their degrees even while they were playing in the NBA. They all saw a life after basketball so they wanted to get their degrees to eventually have something to fall back on. 

4. https://www.campusexplorer.com/college-advice-tips/525B917B/NBA-Players-Going-Back-to-College/

Background: This article discusses how NBA players attend college during their off-season to get their degree. About 60% of retired NBA players go broke after 5 years. Players can do their schooling at the actual University or online. Some NBA players during retirement will stay in the field of sports and others will do something that goes with their degree. They want to have a plan when they come out of retirement so that they don’t make bad investments or spend all of their money. 

How I Intend to Use it: This article can help me prove what can happen to an NBA player if they don’t have the right resources when they retire. It shows some players who are currently in the league who went to college in their off season. 

5. https://search.proquest.com/docview/225593064?accountid=13605&rfr_id=info%3Axri%2Fsid%3Aprimo

Background: This article talks about the “one-and-done” rule that the NBA has for prospects which is that they have to do a year of college before going to the draft. The NCAA has minimal requirements for athletes who are doing the one-and-done rule, the only benefit for that rule is the players are getting a chance to play more competitive basketball and the NBA teams are getting a closer look at them. Players that go to college first also get their name out to the public more, so once they get to the NBA, they’ll sell more items with their name on it. 
How I Intend to Use it: This article shows some benefits of staying in school rather than skipping college. It is also showing how the one-and-done rule isn’t very logical.

1. “The effectiveness of teaching a life skills program in a physical education context”
   1. Background: This source demonstrates how research was done to show that there is a correlation between physical education and learning life skills. It is seen that many life skills such as posture, decision making, and social communication provoke very physical learning opportunities. They also contribute to the health of the youth which is considered very physical. An experiment and research study was made on the program GOAL in physical education classes. The study focused on the effectiveness of life skills delivered through physical education within eight 15 minutes sessions. The results showed “a significant increase in the participants’ knowledge of life skills and perception of their competence to achieve the goals they have set.”
   2. How I Intend to Use It: I intend to use this study as evidence for integrating the teaching of life skills into the classic education structure. If specific life skills can be applied to a gym setting, why not find other skills that could apply to english or math? This same process can happen in those traditional classrooms, but with a still keeping the original subject in mind. A math class could integrate teaching the skill of dealing with money though taxes or loans. An english class can integrate the discussion of real life issues through literature and use it to teach life lessons. It could also apply to the communication aspect. The list could go on, but if teaching life skills in a physical education class for just 15 minutes in eight sessions significantly increased the students’ life skill knowledge, then imagine what would happen if it was used more often in traditional classrooms.

2. “Don’t Stay in School”
   1. Background: This video discusses the lack of life skills being taught in schools. The Education System finds it more valuable to teach abstract math or make students memorize useless information rather than incorporating important skills into the lessons. Ignoring these essential skills causes students to be lost in the real world once they are faced with adult reality. How do you pay tax? What are my rights as a citizen? These questions and many others remain unanswered when beginning adulthood because a poorly structured education got in the way of learning. Something must change.
   2. How I Intend to Use It: I intend to use this as a form of evidence to support the fact that school systems are not preparing students for adult tasks such as paying taxes or knowing how to handle finances. Of course school can be used to explore the STEM subjects, but a fair portion, especially in the high school level should be spent informing students about the near future and how to deal with it. 

3. “Does education and training get in the way of learning?”
   1. Background: This source argues the importance of changing the education system to fit the new era of knowledge era that we are entering. The text describes a lot about scientific jobs and how machines are beginning to replace human labor, but the author eases into the issue of today’s youth not being able to keep up with tomorrow because of what they are supposedly taught. One of the main points that the author makes about this topic is that we must encourage students “to connect and integrate concepts to participate in the important work of the community and become ethical leaders.” If we do not, the author explains his fear of the continuous development of learning disabled youth who will seek for the simple narrow solution to complex problems. As a result, it will prohibit them from becoming lifelong learners. 
   2. How I Intend to Use It: I intend to use this source as a blueprint to my evolving education plan. It lists many of the same thoughts I share to execute my plan and it also gives an outcome to what may happen if this plan is not implemented. Continuing to send out the youth unprepared will just result in them not only not  understanding life skills, but the ability to become lifelong learners. We never stop learning, but our education stops. The life skills must be integrated into schools so that they acquire the proper life skills to begin an adult life, but they will also have the ability to continue to thrive and learn from what the real world throws their way. There is no simple solution to complex problems. 

4. “The Difference Between Education and Learning”
   1. Background: This source basically compares the difference between education and learning at many different angles. Many believe that both have the same definition. While they are similar, they do not mean the same thing. Looking at the big picture, education is the process in which knowledge, values and skills are passed down at one point in life while learning is defined as acquiring new knowledge, values and skills. The difference is difficult to see, but it makes a huge difference when discussing how education gets in the way of our learning. Education simply just introduces information to us that we will most likely forget. Learning allows us to imbed this information or skills into our natural thought process for as long as we use it in our daily lives. 
   2. How I Intend to Use It: I intend to use these definitions to argue the fact that these two words are different. I am aware that this is no new information, but it shows that my hypothesis is on the right track with integrating life skills into subjects. The more we try to allow students to acquire skills and knowledge rather than just passing it down, the better prepared they will be for what the world demands. This information will not be forgotten. Truly learning math for the purpose of actually using it in real life situations will stay with a student more than trying to find the area of a 3D object.

5. “When School is Counterintuitive”
   1. Background: Tiffany Cabrera, a high school senior at the time of this video’s publication, discusses her concern over her education and her peers. Her and her peers were posed a question in government class about political polarization. The question related to Tiffany’s thoughts about the current education system. She believes that when we hear the word education, we think of memorizing information for a test and once the test is over, we forget everything. What if we applied knowledge that we were interested in? She believes that this will help us learn not only information, but skills to be active members of society in the real world. Instead of making a silly poster project that could be done in 30 minutes, why not take on a bigger project that will actually help us learn?
   2. How I Intend to Use It: I intend to use this source to show how the students are beginning to notice how little prepared they are for the adult world. It is not the laziness of “I don’t want to complete work.” It is now becoming a cry for help to fix or at least evolve the education system into a learning system. Education does not allow us to learn, so why continue the same ineffective curriculum? Tiffany also makes many great points to support the argument that education is not the same as learning which will strengthen my argument. If we could take a class such as math and teach math problems that would relate to real life situations, then maybe we could learn a valuable life skill so that the youth is not lost when they enter adulthood. 

For my research essay I will explore what the relationship between China and the United States is. In my research I will argue the possible propaganda and origins of the coronavirus. I will also explain how trade and the market could plummet due to the amount of resources coming out of China. The last topic I will discuss is the possible closure of events and schools around the globe because of the virus. 

Thesis: This coronavirus will cause havoc all around the globe in a plethora of ways.

Sources:

1. NYU closing Florence campus over coronavirus fears

URL: https://nypost.com/2020/02/24/nyu-closing-florence-campus-over-coronavirus-fears/

Background: The article written by Julia Marsh and Tamar Lapin both of these authors are highly rated and popular on the “New York Post”. Within this news brief it explains how the NYU branch in Florence Italy is closing due to the threat of the coronavirus. 

How I intend to use it: The data that is provided will allow me to predict and show the future of the United States. Events will be closing and public interaction will be at an all time low. This could have an effect on the stock market and how people get supplies needed to live with human interaction possibly being limited.

2. Don’t buy China’s story: The coronavirus may have leaked from a lab

URL:https://nypost.com/2020/02/22/dont-buy-chinas-story-the-coronavirus-may-have-leaked-from-a-lab/

Background: The article written by Steven W. Mosher. He is a journalist from the New York Post. He investigates the speech that ” Xi gave he said, because lab safety is a “national security” issue we need to find a way to fix it in the future”. From this statement it implies that the virus came from a lab in Wuhan China.

How I intend to use it: I intend to use this article to show curing the coronavirus could be hard to after you know its origins. From this article I can use what leader Xi is saying about the origins of the virus to show this.

3. U.S. Stocks Plunge as Coronavirus Crisis Spreads

URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/business/stock-market-coronavirus.html

Background: The article is written by Matt Phillips, Jason Horowitz and Choe Sang-Hun. All of these authors operate under the New York Times and have written plenty of articles about the stock market.

How I intend to use it: I intend to use this article to show how the coronavirus will have a plethora of effects on human life if the virus were to become a pandemic. Currently, the virus has already affected the stock market. I can extend on that and then show how this could effect human life in the future.

4. Coronavirus disruption to ‘everyday’ life in US ‘may be severe,’ CDC official says

URL:https://www.foxnews.com/health/coronavirus-disruption-in-us-might-be-severe-cdc-official-says

Background: The article is written by Alexandria Hein. She is a popular article writer for Fox News. In this article the author references the W.H.O (World Health Organization) stating that “It’s not a matter of if the United States is affected it’s a matter of when.”

How I intend to use it: I intend to use this article to show how everyday lives could be affected in the United States. I’ll use this point along with my other points to show why (if not treated) the coronavirus can compromise the entire planets everyday lives.

For my research paper I will take a look at the idea that comic books and graphic novels are the future and key to the continuation and preservation of literature. With some of the most popular movies of the last decade being based off comic books, their presence is in the limelight, and more and more kids are growing up with these characters and movies. The saying “a picture is worth a thousand words” holds true. The need for words to describe how someone looks at a certain point in time is no longer needed when someone can paint a picture that will give much more detail, unless the author wants a page and a half of nothing but facial descriptions. Multiple outlets have studied children’s fascination with comic books and their motivation to read them, showing why these so-called “lesser” forms of literature could be more beneficial. I aim to discuss the changes in how we consume entertainment and how we should take advantage of the amount of technology and resources we have at our disposal to revolutionize how literature is perceived and taught.

• Motivating Middle School Readers: The Graphic Novel Link

Background: Buffy Edwards performs a survey on multiple groups of middle school students with varying degrees of access to literature. Different groups have different access to graphic novels and such. The students documented their reading and took questionnaires based on their reading. The graphic novels provided pictures, making them more interesting. This is what I need.

How I intend to use it: I want to show that people at younger ages are more attracted to books with colorful pictures rather than plain words. It’s hard to go from pictures and cool art and stories to words on a page that have hefty exposition and more difficult wording. It’s like a downgrade.

• Expanding Literacies through Graphic Novels

https://www.jstor.org/stable/30046629?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

Background: Gretchen Schawrz expands her classroom horizons with graphic novels and tells of the advantages and dangers of doing so.

How I intend to use it: once again show that young people are more interested, resulting in the argument that we should just make it the norm, this time using older kids in high school.

• Business of Books 2016

Click to access white_paper_business_of_books_june_2016.pdf

Background: This overview details markets of books in different areas and things alike. Geographical regions are also discussed in terms of book sales.

How I intend to use it: showing dwindling book sales as a whole in support of the change in entertainment media favoritism.

• What’s up with Webcomics?

Click to access a3ab18d35fabb8a49192ec99b470fd0ad6eb.pdf

Background: This article discusses webcomics and the technological advancements of comic books.

How I intend to use it: I can use this to show readers that comics can be viewed for free online, giving the reader free reign to choose whatever they read.

• Graphic Novels: A Road Map to Academic Success

Click to access GuestEd_JanFeb2013.pdf

Background: Karen Gavigan discusses problems parents and educators have with comics books and the stigma they get, only to argue against it.

How I intend to use it: My use for this article is the same as the author who wrote it. I want to remove the stigma from comics to further support my argument.

Harp03’s Proposal

For my research essay I will be investigating the effects of steroids on the popularity of baseball. Through my research, I intend to explore the possibility of permitting steroid use in MLB in order to increase game attendance and television ratings. My goal while researching is to find information about the effects of steroids on popularity during the steroid era, the popularity of baseball after the steroid era, as well as the different ways that MLB has tried to increase popularity but failed (and reasons why). I also hope to find statistics or examples in other major sports where the use of steroids vastly boosted the game’s ratings. Research that I have already conducted reveal that ratings had dropped significantly in the years following the steroid era, where MLB enforced serious steroid bans and improved drug testing. It seems counterintuitive to allow cheating in baseball, but nothing the commissioner does has produced significant improvements to the popularity of the sport, while NFL football and NBA basketball have been thriving and growing at a staggering rate. Something must change and reverting to the most popular era in baseball history is the most productive way to increase the popularity of baseball!

Harp03’s Sources

1. “The Steroid Eras Destruction of Major League Baseball”

Background: This article discusses the progression of baseball since the steroid era, as well as how fans’ perspectives, and the game of baseball, have changed over time. The article also mentions the all-time low ratings of the 2010 All-Star Game and World Series, the two largest events in an MLB season. The author suggests that fans want to see home runs rather than dominant pitching, especially because 1 player (the pitcher) is a lot less marketable than an entire team of sluggers.

How I Intend to Use It: I will use this article to my advantage by referencing the fans’ distaste for the state of baseball when it transitioned from the steroid era to the year(s) of the pitcher. I will also include statistics about the attendance during the MLB All-Star Game, the Worlds Series, and individual team stats. This author believes that steroids should NOT be brought back, so I can only take the pure statistics in order to keep the integrity of his words/not mis-representing his beliefs.

• “Effects of an anabolic hormone on striated muscle growth and performance”

Background: This article discusses theeffects of anabolic steroids on body weight, muscle growth, and cardiovascular endurance. Studies revealed that the use of anabolic hormones on female rats had drastically increased body weight (20%) and overall muscle growth (20%), as well as an increase in fatigue resistance. Upon further review of the experiment, scientists concluded that the cardiovascular endurance increase was not fueled by an accompanying increase in cardiac muscle strength, but instead by an increase in the aerobic muscle capacity of skeletal muscle.

How I Intend to Use It: I will use this article to defend my hypothesis/research and offer an answer to a counterpoint. It is a common misunderstanding of casual fans, diehard fans, and non-baseball fans alike, that using steroids directly translates to major success. However, that is not the case, because (as seen above) steroids enhance muscle growth, but they do not improve a player’s ability to make contact with the baseball. In addition, the article’s study reveals that cardiovascular endurance increases with the use of steroids, which would also benefit players and their ability to perform at a high rate for an entire game/season. Fans want to see their favorite players play as much as possible, so anything that increases endurance helps their cause!

• “REPORT TO THE COMMISSIONER OF BASEBALL…”

Background: This article focuses on the development of MLB’s drug testing policy following many decades of steroid use. It also mentions and discusses former steroid cases and findings in the history of the game. Evidence has been found, starting in the 1980’s, that a vast number of players were abusing MLB’s drug policy. As time went on, more and more cases of performance-enhancing drug use were found, and in 2002 a new Joint Drug Program that enforced stricter rules and resulted in more random drug tests. The article also calls for better education and better ways to improve the drug testing system.

How I Intend to Use It: I really want to focus on the idea that illegal drug/steroid use will continue no matter what rules MLB enforces. Arguably the best counterpoint to my hypothesis is that fans would be opposed to allowing steroid use because it is cheating. This article reveals that in 2007, years after the new drug policy, players had found ways to beat the system and become undetectable by the drug tests by using human growth hormones. At the end of the day, cheating by way of performance-enhancing drugs is prevalent in ALL sports, and by allowing it in MLB it would effectively create an even playing field (which is NEVER the case due to undetected drug use).

• “Manfred talks pace of play, rebuilding teams”

Background: This article discusses baseball commissioner, Rob Manfred, and his attempt to decrease the game length. Manfred has long believed pace of play is an issue, and more importantly, a “fan issue”. Several rules have been changed in order to satisfy fans, because many fans lose interest in games that often last 3 hours or more. For example, MLB limited the number of mound visits by catchers, as well as reduced the amount of time (and therefore commercial time) between innings.

How I Intend To Use It: Since my primary audience will be Rob Manfred, the commissioner, whose job it is to make changes in Major League Baseball, I will use this article to remind him of the many changes he’s made with little success. Changes in pace of play, a major concern of his since 2015, has caused the game of baseball many different outcomes. In many attempts to reduce game length, MLB has failed, as the game length has fluctuated up and down but still hovers around the typical 3 hours of 9-inning baseball. Clearly, Manfred wants to satisfy the fans, but nothing he has done has worked. And even if the game lasts 3 hours, a high-scoring game with plenty of home runs (due to increased muscle gain from steroids) would be much more enjoyable to watch than a 3-hour long pitcher’s duel.

• “The Effect of the Steroid Era on Major League Baseball Hitters: Did It Enhance Hitting?”

Background: This article references a study that the authors conducted regarding the effects of steroids on baseball players. In their study, they analyzed players’ stats over the decades before and after the so-called “steroid-era” in baseball history. They concluded that using steroids only significantly impacted the number of players that hit 40+ home runs every season. However, it did not affect players’ batting average or isolated power.

How I Intend to Use It: The goal of my research is to find convincing evidence and ideas supporting the idea of allowing anabolic steroids in baseball. With this source, I can explain to the readers how the use of steroids could increase MLB attendance and tv ratings because people love watching players hit home runs. However, what they do not like is cheating. But steroids, in a sense, do not make players better at the game itself. As proven in the study, steroids only increased the number of home runs hit, but it did not improve isolated power or batting average. Clearly, one must still possess incredible talent to hit the ball, and to do so at a consistent rate. The only element of ones’ offensive production that is affected by steroids is their power/ability to hit the ball over the wall, but first they must make contact with the ball AND hit it at the proper angle. Not only does this article provide evidence behind steroid-use leading to more HR (and as a result, higher tv ratings/attendance/popularity), but it also proves that letting players use steroids isn’t allowing players to break the game. It isn’t giving less skillful players a huge boost in skill that they previously hadn’t possessed.

Proposal:

For my research essay, I will be conducting research on the fetal origins hypothesis. The fetal origins hypothesis is an idea that a baby starts to learn as soon as they are developed in their mother’s womb. I will be examining several academic and non scholarly sources on this theory, including TED talks. I have no prior opinions on this subject matter nor have I ever thought of this before this counterintuitive research assignment. 

It is a common idea that babies begin learning once they are born, typically starting around 3 months of age. My objective is to dive deeper into the idea that babies learning starts in the months they spend developing inside their mom’s stomach. Babies pick up on things such as recognizing the sound of their mother’s voice, her food preference while pregnant, and all the traumatic stress she has while they are in the womb. Some people may not consider this learning though and find it hard to prove, that is what my research will be all about, finding both sides to the argument to shape my opinion on fetal origins being true or not. 

Sources:

1. What We Learn Before We’re Born

URL:https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=ted+talk+on+fetal+orihins&view=detail&mid=B5B1A4D4A9DD9F3AC897B5B1A4D4A9DD9F3AC897&FORM=VIRE

Background: This TED talk introduces the fetal origins hypothesis by going into detail on what it means. The speaker talks about several studies that have been conducted to prove this theory. Studies that show how babies respond to their mom’s voice, what babies prefer to eat that matches up with their mom’s appetite when pregnant, and studies from mom’s who experienced 9/11 when pregnant and how their PTSD got passed down to their child. The speaker relies on her personal background with her child and the research she has done to write a book on the topic of fetal origins.

How I Plan To Use It: This TED talk was the source that first introduced me to this topic, I plan to rely back to this for much of my research. I believe it provides great examples using real life evidence. I can take the studies talked about in the speech and research them separately to further explore this idea of fetal origins. 

2. How Babies Know their Mother’s Voice- Even in the Womb

URL:https://nypost.com/2016/10/23/how-babies-know-their-mothers-voice-even-in-the-womb/

Background: In this article the author persuades the reader that babies who are developing auditory senses in the womb can hear and feel the vibrations of their mother’s voice. It goes on to talk about how important the mom’s voice is to her baby’s learning ability, their comfortability, and social bonding skills when they are born.

How I Plan To Use It: This article gave me insight to the study talked about in the TED talk that babies recognize their mom’s voice through vibrations in the womb. I plan to use it to further discuss how important it is that babies learn their moms voice while inside her stomach because they will need to know it when they are born in order to adapt to the world around them. 

3. When Do Babies Start Learning?

URL: http://www.earlychildhoodeducation.co.uk/when-do-babies-start-learning.html

Background: This article spoke on both sides of the argument, agreeing that babies do learn in the womb, mostly relating to voices. It also says that the majority of learning really begins once the baby is born and at home from the hospital. The author explores the idea that this is truly when babies get the awareness of what is going on around them, the sense of touching objects, and start to develop emotions which are going to be most important to a baby’s learning process.

How I Plan On Using It: I like this article because it agrees with both sides of my topic and gives me information I can use for arguing for fetal origins hypothesis like learning begins in the womb through voices. But it also goes against it saying that the most crucial and majority of learning happens in the months that babies are alive and learning through what is around them. 

4. How a Child’s Food Preference Begins in the Womb

URL:https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2014/apr/08/child-food-preferences-womb-pregnancy-foetus-taste-flavours

Background: The author in this article focuses on studies that were conducted to prove that babies get their eating habits during the time they spend in their mom’s stomach. A study about mother’s drinking carrot juice everyday for a period of time while pregnant and one group of women did not. When their babies were born they were fed carrots for the first time, and the mom’s who drank carrot juice child was happier to eat and continue eating the carrots. It talks about how food that moms eat definitely affects the baby in the womb and continues to do so once born.

How I Plan On Using It: This article will be a great asset in my research paper. This study was introduced to me in the TED talk I watched initially and will be great to further investigate to provide evidence for fetal origins and how babies get their eating habits early in the fetus.

5. Pregnant 9/11 Survivors Transmitted Trauma to their Children

URL:https://www.theguardian.com/science/neurophilosophy/2011/sep/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted-trauma

Background: Introduces a study that was mentioned in the TED talk that I watched on fetal origins that took 38 of the approximate 1,700 pregnant survivors of 9/11. Researchers conducted an experiment with these women where they took saliva samples of those who developed PTSD and then when their child turned one year old they tested their spit and found lower level of hormones indicating that the child has PTSD. This was typically transmitted to the child during the moms third trimester through a science called epigenetics, heritable changes in gene activity not due to changes in their DNA.

How I Plan To Use This: This article will be a nice addition to my evidence using real life studies that have proven that things as serious as PTSD can be transmitted to an unborn child. PTSD will have a huge impact on the babies learning in and outside of the womb.  

For my research essay, I will be discussing the idea of a child’s upbringing and how it affects their adult lives. Moreover, I will be examining how having a challenging childhood can make an individual a more well rounded person. By looking through several psychological articles, I want to be able to gain some professional opinions on this issue to support my claim. Most of my current claims are based off of personal experiences, therefore I need professional opinions in order to prove my points.

Parents want to give their children everything they never had, but this can be more detrimental to their child then they may think. Some parents may try to protect their children from the pains life can bring, but by doing so they are holding their children back from learning how to deal with them properly. Sheltering one’s child can create issues that are much harder to fix once that child is in adulthood as well as arise issues within the rest of the family. There is no such thing as a perfect upbringing, but through research and looking into other individual’s experiences, there may be a path to a better one.

1.) Childhood Stress and Resilience

URL: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4899-7711-3_5

• Background: They talk about the effects of chronic stress on children and what inside and outside forces are influencing it. They identify what could be causing these stress triggers and define a specific way of aiding this through practice.They also introduce an idea called preventive interventions that are meant to help create resilient children. Overall it focuses on the impact of biological, psychological, and social well-being on children. 

• How I Intend to Use It: What really catches my eye about this topic is the use of the word “resilience” throughout the abstract because that is something I want to focus on in my writing. They also introduce new topics such as “Adverse childhood experiences” and “preventive interventions” that I would like to learn about and include in my writing. 

2.) Raising Well-Balanced Kids

URL: https://www.challengesuccess.org/parents/parenting-tips/

• Background: this article discusses helpful tips in order to create well balanced children. They give several tips as well as including a brief description of what exactly these actions will achieve in raising one’s child in this manner. They talk about different ways of thinking about the protection of one’s child, and what may be considered too much. 

• How I Intend to Use It: I would want to use the overall ideas presented in this article. They bring up some interesting points and most of some valid reasoning behind it. I like their reasoning in allowing children to make their own mistakes as well as giving them the necessary space to do so. I also like the one section that discussed giving children responsibilities and the benefits that come with it. 

3.) Resilience in Children: Strategies to Strengthen Your Kids

URL: https://www.psycom.net/build-resilience-children

• Background: This article is from a psychological web page, that includes several other psychological topics including the effects of teen smoking trends and helping teens cope with rejection. The article stresses the idea of children working to fix their own issues independently. It gives several suggestions on building the mental well-being and trust of a child in order for them to become strong enough to fend for themselves. 

• How I Intend to Use It: I want to focus on all of the strategies they present. They encourage actions such as “Building a Strong Emotional Connection” and “Promote Healthy Risk-Taking” to name a few. A lot of their viewpoints match up with the issues I would like to further discuss in my paper. Allowing children to do things on their own from the beginning will help them a great deal in the end.

4.) How to raise successful kids without overparenting.

URL: https://ideas.ted.com/how-to-raise-successful-kids-without-overparenting/

• Background: This article right away identifies the idea of over parenting, and shows an understanding of the difficulty of finding a “happy medium” between oppressive and devoid parenting. They discuss how small things done in a specific way could potentially alter how one’s kid goes about life. One specific talk called “Don’t worry about raising happy kids” could bring about many disapprovement in the eyes of parents watching it. 

• How I Intend to Use It: I want to focus on the reasoning they give for the many arguments they address. Each argument comes from different excerpts from particular TED talkers. I could go into some of the speakers full presentations and many broaden my ideas more by doing so. Some of the topics many parents may strongly disagree with, but make very valid points.

5.) Too-Perfect Parents Are Landing Kids in Therapy.

URL:https://www.newser.com/story/121085/lori-gottlieb-caring-too-much-can-land-kids-in-therapy.html

• Background: In the Newser article, the writer starts off with an eye catching title. Too-Perfect Parents Are Landing Kids in Therapy. The article is based around an experiment a psychologist created using her own willing clients. What she discovered changed her own way of thinking about raising her children and created more and more questions that she wanted answered. 

• How I Intend to Use It: I would want to use this source as one of my main citations in my writing. It proves that a perfect upbringing can cause more harm in a child’s future than many would expect. It expresses many ideas that come to mind when raising children and shows that many small things play a huge part of the psychological development of a child. It also includes a link to the psychologist’s original study that I could use if needed.

For my research paper I will be taking a further look into speeding throughout neighborhoods. I want to get in-depth about the short term and long term affects of speeding and the possible outcomes that could be possible. I will be incorporating some real life examples that will allow for someone reading to be able to understand my topic a lot clearer. I am going to argue that speeding through neighborhoods is way too common and that the speed limit should be adjusted in all neighborhoods. I also want to argue how police officers really don’t pay much attention to speeding in neighborhoods and that there should be a police presence watching at all times.

Sources:

1. 5  Ways To Stop Speeding In Your Neighborhood

URL: https://homealarmreport.com/safety/5-ways-stop-speeding/

• Background: This article gives five examples on how speeding could be prevented in neighborhoods. It talks about speed bumps, types of parking, police assistance, video surveillance, and forming a petition. The author gives insight on a little bit of each way explaining how it could be beneficial.
• How I intend to use it: I will be using this article to enhance how these five ways can stop speeding and using real life examples to put with the five ways.

2. The Dangers Of Speeding Through Neighborhoods 

URL: https://sanchezandpinon.com/the-dangers-of-speeding-through-neighborhoods/

• Background: This article is like buried treasure, for the fact that it gives so much information, statistics, and even an example of how speeding affected a neighborhood. The author goes in depth about multiple ways that as a neighborhood you can try to prevent speeding. 
• How I intend to use it: I intend to use the statistics while giving credit to the author and put my own opinion on the topics the author talked about throughout the article like the pet aspect.

3. How Can I Slow Down Traffic On My Street/Neighborhood

URL: https://blog.ioby.org/how-can-i-slow-down-traffic-on-my-street/

• Background: This article is really more about the “speaking up” aspect. The author really gets into talking to local government about ways that could help control speeding. For each example the author gives a multistep plan that will allow you to achieve success. 
• How I intend to use it: I will focus on more of the speaking up part of this article to really understand what it will definitely take to get the local government to finally show some care about speeding through neighborhoods.

4. Speeding In Residential Areas: A Matter Of Life And Death

URL: https://theberkshireedge.com/speeding-in-residential-neighborhoods-a-matter-of-life-and-death/

• Background: This article is basically talking about a real life example of a group of people were using posters to get the attention of the town about neighborhood speeding. It goes in depth of what the people wanted to be done and how the meeting between the town manager and the board went down. It gives multiple perspectives on the topic and provides a ton of information/examples that could really benefit my argument 
• How I intend to use it: I want to pick this article apart and use statements from the board meeting to further my argument while at the same time using bits and pieces of the examples provided throughout the article.

5. Dangers Of Speeding In A Residential Neighborhood

URL: https://www.bottlingerlaw.com/blog/dangers-of-speeding-in-a-residential-neighborhood/

• Background: This article talks about the affects of speeding and what it could mean for you as the driver. It goes in depth about the penalties that a person may receive for speeding. The author really focuses on the law side of speeding, warning drivers what could happen if you decide to speed in a neighborhood.
• How I intend to use it: I will be able to incorporate the law side into my argument which will give my argument a stronger position. I want to also incorporate the law side into my examples stating what a certain situation can cause for not only the driver but the people living in the neighborhood. 

My Proposal:

For my research paper I will be exploring and examining the long term effects of doing sports as a young teen, meaning around the age of 13/14 will have on your body as you get older, by looking at real life examples with different types of sports players. In my paper I will be researching the young adults who start doing sports at their age or even younger and how in doing this damage their body. I will then show how this affected their body when they got older. I will argue that a young teen that did compete in sports will arguably have more damaging effects to their body when they got older, compared to a child who did not compete in sports. In doing so I will address the different injuries that could be more harmful down the line, and how these injuries might not be so bad for a youthful body but how it might catch up later.

Sources:

1. The Long-Term Effects of Youth Sports

URL: https://nyboneandjoint.com/blog/the-long-term-effects-of-youth-sports/

• Background: This study done in 2017, done by The New York Bone & Joint Specialist Blog focuses on the research from studies done at The London School of Medicine that shows the long-term health dangers that come with bone and joint damage at a young age. The purpose of this article is to show that if a young athlete does suffer a harmful injury, it could lead to worse things down the road. It states that young athletes should have an off season and handle their bodies with care
• How I intend to use it: I intend to use this article to help prove my hypothesis that doing sports as a young athlete can have long lasting damages that will show up later in life. This study will help me give examples of my hypothesis by defining specific injuries and their long lasting effects.

2. 10 Sports Injuries with Lifelong Consequences

URL: https://www.mountelizabeth.com.sg/healthplus/article/10-sports-injuries-with-lifelong-consequences

• Background: This article, also done in 2017 was written by Tan Ken Jin, an orthopaedic surgeon at Mount Elizabeth Hospital. This article examines all the common injuries that athletes may sustain and the long lasting effects they can cause. The 10 he talks about are Sprain, Hamstring strain, Stress fractures, ACL injury, Patella dislocation, Meniscus tear, Tennis elbow, Shoulder dislocation, Sciatica, and Fracture.
• How I intend to use it: I intend to use this article to help me give specific examples of the injuries that could lead to long term effects. In doing so this will help back up my hypothesis with more factual evidence instead of just claim.By using this article I can focus more on these 10 common injuries.

3. Long Term Effects of Sports Injuries: How Early Treatment Prevents Future Problems

URL: https://www.mountelizabeth.com.sg/healthplus/article/long-term-effects-of-sports-injuries-how-early-treatment-prevents-future-problems

• Background: In this article, written by Ramesh Subramaniam of Mount Elizabeth Hospitals, talks about how the right treatment of early injuries could help with the long-term effects of these injuries. Research shows that the right warm-up, stretching, and care for the body could help prevent the injuries altogether. He goes into detail for specific injuries and how to prevent their future problems
• How I intend to use it: I intend to use this article to help me conclude how to help prevent and take care of the injuries one might suffer from their younger years. At the end of my paper I would like to cite this article, and reference the care he recommends for caring for these different types of injuries.

4. The Impact of Sports on Your Body

URL: https://thriveglobal.com/stories/the-impact-of-sports-on-your-body/

• Background: This article like the other articles focus on the specific sports that may take a toll on your body as you get older. Like it says in the article, sports give you instant gratification often, and can make you feel good at that moment and while you are playing them but it can lead to damage. 
• How I intend to use it:  I am going to use this article to further help me explain the risks of these everyday activities that most people do, like jogging, biking, golf, and swimming. I will also use this article to help me explain how sports may be fun and rewarding at the time but that doesn’t last forever.

5. Multi-Sport Athletes vs. Single Sport Athletes – The Pros and Cons

URL: https://www.nsr-inc.com/scouting-news/multi-sport-athletes-vs-single-sport-athletes/

• Background: This article is more focusing towards the impacts of playing more than one sport. There are various advantages for playing multiple sports, building better endurance, being in better shape, and always being active. But with that comes with having a higher risk for injury which it says in this article

How I intend to use it: I intend to use this article to help me argue that playing more than one sport can cause serious damage. A person needs to have an off season so that their body can have time to rest and recover from the damage that was done during that season. The overuse of your body is very bad, we need to take care of our bodies we only get one