https://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/blog/how-federal-funding-works-at-planned-parenthood

This article discussed how planned parenthood is actually funded. It turns out that the government does not actually write a check to planned parenthood to pay for things like abortions and birth control, Planned Parenthood is a form of Medicaid. Medicaid provides health care to people who cannot afford it because of their low incomes or situations. Planned Parenthood provides many medical services to individuals of all race, gender, and ethnicity who are legal citizens of the United States. Many people think that all Planned Parenthood is good for is abortions, which is why people want to get rid of it, when in fact Planned Parenthood does not fund or perform abortions. The government does not fund abortions unless there is a very serious case, such as rape, incest, or deadly danger to the mother.

http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/17/planned-parenthood-allies-ready-battle-over-government-funding/96463008/
This article discusses the uproar that the defunding of Planned Parenthood has caused in the United States. The government’s argument is that Planned Parenthood along with Obamacare are costing the taxpayers too much money and need to be terminated. This would leaving millions without health care of any kind. My supporters of Planned Parenthood have been promoting rallies and protests of the bill that would defund Planned Parenthood.

http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/08/05/429641062/fact-check-how-does-planned-parenthood-spend-that-government-money
This article covered a broad range of topics. It discussed how the government’s money is used in correspondence to Planned Parenthood, how Planned Parenthood does not provide abortions unless issued okay by the government, and the topic of defunding the organization as well. One major focus was how only 3% of the money the government gives to Planned Parenthood is used for abortion related issues. It discussed something called the “Hyde Law” which states that government money can only be spent on abortions in case of incest, rape, or danger to the mother. If the government chooses to defund Planned Parenthood it does not mean they are shutting it down, it just means that they are ceasing all government spending on it. That means there will be no more money given to it from Medicaid. If this in fact becomes a real thing, than millions of people at or below the poverty line will lose their healthcare. Also, most of the services provided at Planned Parenthood are STD screenings, Pap Smears, and the service of providing birth control.

http://www.npr.org/2011/04/13/135354952/planned-parenthood-makes-abortion-foes-see-red
This article discusses how Planned Parenthood is the biggest abortion provider in the United States. Where this might be true, even though they are the largest provider, they can only provide abortions in certain cases which are determined by the Hyde Law. Planned Parenthood provides many other services besides abortions. A lot of anti-abortion activists do not realize or care about the fact that Planned Parenthood is not about abortion, it is about preventing abortions from happening. In essence, this is why it is called “Planned” Parenthood. There is now a war between Planned Parenthood activists and anti-Planned Parenthood activists, which is causing quite an uproar in the government.

http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/04/health/planned-parenthood-by-the-numbers/
This article gave a lot of great facts about Planned Parenthood. It broke down what kind of services Planned Parenthood provides in a year for women, men, and adolescents. There was a small number of abortions done compared to the amount of other services provided. Some of the most common services were pregnancy testing, STD treatment, and birth control administration. The goal of this institution is to stop unplanned pregnancies from happening, and every year Planned Parenthood stops over 500,000 unwanted pregnancies from occurring.

1 Barner-Barry, C.. Contemporary Paganism : Minority Religions in a Majoritarian America. New York, US: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 26 April 2017.

Background: Christianity is the dominant religion in America. This work depicts the prioritization of christianity in america. Through government systems, social systems, and norms.

How I used it: i used this source to show how dominating christian values were by showing how Christians treated pagans and related to the general treatment of other people.

2 Blumenfeld, Warren J. “Christian Privilege and the Promotion of “Secular” and Not-So “Secular” Mainline Christianity in Public Schooling and in the Larger Society.”Www.tandfonline.com. Taylor & Francis Online, 23 Nov. 2006. Web. 6 Mar. 2017.

Background: How the dominance of white male Christianity effected others who did and do not fit that identity. It hits on the oppression upon minorities it has caused. It provides evidence on how the christian identity is normalized in America, and how it is imposed upon children through schooling, normalization, and government regime.

How I used it: i used this article to show how even though the united states claims to be a secular country. the country has very christian agendas which hurt the gay community.

3 Fletcher, Jeannine Hill. “Warrants for Reconstruction: Christian Hegemony, White Supremacy.” Journal of Ecumenical Studies, vol. 51, no. 1, Winter2016, pp. 54-79. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113989285&site=ehost-live.

Background: This work speaks about the correlation between white supremacy and Christianity. Basically emphasizing that when Christianity thrives, whiteness does too.

How I used it: this article helped me understand how America forms stigmas in a historical lens.

4 Hixson, Walter L.. The Myth of American Diplomacy : National Identity and U.S. Foreign Policy. New Haven, US: Yale University Press, 2008. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 26 April 2017.

Background: This work depicts how the white man thrives in America, and how America was basically built on the benefit of conserving the white male identity. This provides evidence of oppression and by using muted facts about american history.

How I used it: this article showed me how America has been violent domestically in order to help only certain citizens.

Back ground: this source helped detail a particular violent incident. Arthur Warren was a citizen in the community  and was treated as equal. His caring attitude was not reciprocated and he met his untimely death.

How I used it: I used quotes from this article to detail the unfair treatment of other identities in America.

8 Brant, Irving. “Madison: On the Separation of Church and State.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 8, no. 1, 1951, pp. 4–24., http://www.jstor.org/stable/1920731.

Background: This article was about Madison’s praise for the controversial separation of church and state. This provided a legal insight on the issues discussed in my paper

How I used it: I used this article to understand the priority of being progressive that the United States seems to have.

9 Herek, Gregory M., and Kevin T. Berrill. Hate crimes: Confronting violence against lesbians and gay men. Sage, 1992.

Background: This book was written to help people understand the level of unfairness gay individuals feel in the country. there is extensive research done on the overview of the problem, the context of anti-gay violence while focusing on both victims and perpetrators.

How I used it: this book gave me more insight on the gay experience.

10 Berrill, Kevin T. “Anti-gay violence and victimization in the United States an overview.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 5.3 (1990): 274-294.

Background: This article explains the causes for anti gay violence along with possible solutions to the hate crimes. It embodies the differentiation between different hate crime offenders such as activists verses opportunists, and exemplifies how they commit crimes of discrimination and violence, why, and where. much of the decision making when targeting certain homosexual people derive from normalized gender roles and stereotypes.

How I used it: It gave me knowledge on activists verses opportunists, and how they both are offenders of hate crimes, but their hatred stems or derives from divergent areas.

Harry, Joseph. “Conceptualizing anti-gay violence.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 5.3 (1990): 350-358

Background: this source mentions where the hatred of homosexuals derives from as well as how it is perpetuated in society. The social stigmas that surround gay and lesbians, and how that contributed to the mindsets of those who commit hate crimes

How I used it: This allowed me to explain the stigma upon homosexuality in America.

Nardi, Peter M., and Ralph Bolton. “Gay-bashing: Violence and aggression against gay men and lesbians.” Advances in Psychology 76 (1991): 349-400

Background: this work focuses mainly on the act of committing hate crimes. The victim and the offender are both analyzed through this text. He uses sociological analysis on bigotry and how hateful people become hateful. In this work, the author opens with a hate crime survivors story, to help better understand the issue.

How I used it: This allowed me to get a better understanding of the vitcum as well as the offender.

Pilkington, Neil W., and Anthony R. D’Augelli. “Victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth in community settings.” Journal of Community Psychology 23.1 (1995): 34-56.

Background: this work is in the form of a sociological study that questions the youth on gay and lesbian stigmatization. most kids had experienced some type of sexual victimization.

How I used it: Provided statistics and factual evidence of the stigma against gay people.

Cowan, Gloria, et al. “Heterosexuals’ attitudes toward hate crimes and hate speech against gays and lesbians: Old-fashioned and modern hetero sexism.” Journal of Homosexuality 49.2 (2005): 67-82.

Background: This work exemplifies the prevalence of hetero sexism and how it has now and historically resulted in hate crimes against homosexuals. The source looks at what hetero sexism is, how it is obtained, and how it is perpetuated.

How I used it: This work allowed me to find facts and statistics on the number of hate crimes, as well as evidence on the psychology behind hate crimes.

America deems itself the land of the free, but in actuality that is not quite so. Throughout history, America has been the land of the free when convenient. Throughout American history people have been oppressed for their race, religion, gender, and many other things. African Americans have been forced into slavery for the first 100 years of American history. Native Americans have been forced out of their habitat. Women have had numerous disadvantages to fulfill their full potential. Even today, the first amendment right isn’t fully true. As people have been jailed and executed for simply comments. America hasn’t been quite the land of the free, and everyone has felt it. It is counterintuitive that the so-called land of the free isn’t quite free.

https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=206100072072112019085091080086096073116045093077065045102115104100025122110003014118000017006006033051111097074021016107095021105040068036092021085093064031006002108059061060117118090069079123092119115104113073125122005082115064113097023089000064117099&EXT=pdf

American Journalsim is protected by the first amendment, however lately it has been under extreme scrutinization for exercising this right. President Trump has recently attacked his critizers such as, CNN as “fake news” or recently “really fake news”. The article goes into detail on why this has happened, and in some aspects why the President is correct. The rise of social media has created news sources that are creating fake stories. The news outlets making falsiehoods which are hurting those actual news sources. Which is ashamed because we as people look to the news to keep us informed.

http://digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu/ngresearchconf/2014/PSIACrjuHist/4/

America has always been the land of the free for all of its citizens, even the new ones. However new immigrants are dealing with harsher realities then recent immigrants. Even though immigrants have always been fourth with hatred and anger today’s are dealing with new lows. Economic I told of racial harm free has created these problems for newer immigrants.

– Racism and Sexual Oppression in Anglo-America

In Anglo America,oppression has been going on for generations. This oppression has always mattered on one simple thing, genealogy. Many races and gender have been oppressed simply because of who they are, their genes. They are discriminated against and segregated. African Americans were forced into slavery, women forced into house work among others. Being oppressed due to race and gender doesn’t seem free to me.

https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED500256

Also like race and gender, money makes the land of the free mean different for everyone. As income equality drops drastically,  the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, America has another flaw. The rich have countless more freedoms due to their money, even though we are all supposed to be equal. It has been increasingly difficult for poor to become rich, which America prided itself to be the best country for.

http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2015/09/americans-have-lost-our-rights.html

America has been becoming increasingly tyrannical as people are now being arrested for exercising their freedom of speech rights. Citizens are being called terrorists for simply stating their opinion, which is a first amendment right. The secrets service can now arrest anybody the feel should be, even if they have done nothing. This is all groups that are feeling the effects of this. So we as the people need to take this seriously on are rights of freedom being

https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2011/12/15/10759/the-publics-view-of-immigration/
Article was a surmise of five polls that shed light on how both sides view Immigration. The Republican Caucus party that participated in a poll showed that those who voted wanted action to be taken against those who migrate to this country. While the the Fox Latino community openly accepts the immigrants that come here. The polls showed in the article give good insight into how both parties react to this subject, simply by a vote.

bcnews.go.com/Politics/trumps-revised-immigration-order-expected-renew-ban-muslim/story?id=45615961
News article discusses the more recent news with the immigration ban that had happened. This sheds light on how the republican party, and those who support it, view immigration. For something like this to happen both the party, and its voters would hold very conservative views towards immigration. Banning certain countries from coming to the US is a hefty immigration policy and people support it and its reciprocation.

http://www.heritage.org/immigration/commentary/immigration-and-americanization
Heritage.org discusses its view on immigration by talking about how the Americanization of immigrants shows how they have to adjust. Immigrants have to become Americanized, outside of getting a citizenship, in order to be socially accepted, and after pearl harbor, this was fully apparent. It is the same way today, 9/11 has caused a huge stigma against Muslim people, so giving up your heritage for an Americanized version is a way to appease people.

http://cis.org/BecomingAmerican-ImmigrationDebate
This article has a very obvious “pro-Immigrant” stance, but getting a view from all parties is a key to a good paper. The article focuses on the hardships that immigrants face when coming to the country. Facing things like race-crime , ICE raids, and even the journey itself, immigration to the US has many hardships, and that is what the majority of Americans do not understand, and that is what the article was hinting at, and giving the Immigrants a leg up by explaining the hardships.

How Americans View Immigrants, and What They Want from Immigration Reform: Findings from the 2015 American Values Atlas

This article gives charts, and in-depth poll analysis for how people view immigration. Many different factors are shown in this article including views of immigrants by age, religious affiliation, and other factors that go accounted when people are given the topic of Immigration.

Stigma: Alive and Well – Sadie F. Dingfelder 

With the stigma surrounding mental health it allows for people to diminish their illnesses without any recognition from their loved ones. The reason most of them do not get help is due to the stigma’s creation, fear of others finding out and fears of their reactions. Part of that is due to the fact that people have been led to believe that mentally ill people are violent. The general public today are two times as likely to believe mentally ill people are violent than they were in the 1950s. Due to this, a number of tragic events have been linked to mental illness such as shootings, and women drowning their children in bathtubs. Those who shield their mental illness risk worsening their illness, though they don’t seem to care because they are more concerned with what people have to say about it, meanwhile social supports are much needed for recovery. The stigma against mental illness is making the population of the mentally ill scared, which is the opposite of what they need.

http://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/06/stigma.aspx

Too Many Self-Inflicted Deaths – Hilary Smith Connery, MD, PhD

The 8^th leading cause of mortality in the United States is self-harm, suicide leading behind at number ten. These stats scream out for finding the root of the problem and more effective treatment systems. People are treated negatively and that needs to be avoided. The general public needs to realize that brain diseases are a chronic illness, such as a broken leg or diabetes. Such as those disorders, they can be treated with medication and therapy can be used to help treat. Though most people don’t ask for help due to the fact that they are scared of being viewed negatively, believing they can solve their own issues over time. Ending the stigma is one of the best ways to help these people, and that can be done by talking about it. They need to get the facts down, educate children and loved ones, even if you’re not sure it’ll make a difference, because in the end, it will.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mclean-hospital/too-many-self-inflicted-d_b_14395928.html

The Stigma of Mental Illness is Making Us Sicker

Why Mental Illness Should be a Public Health Priority

In 1999, the U.S. Surgeon General labeled stigma as the biggest barrier to mental health care. The stigma creates Social Distancing, meaning people with mental issues are more isolated from others, which enhances the stigma. The World Health Organization and World Economic Forum says mental illness is the biggest economic burden of any health issue. 60% of people in the US don’t receive care, while in developing countries, 90% don’t receive care. The stigma begins at an early age where children are used to calling people “weird” or “crazy” which follows them into adulthood. These negative stereotypes lead perceptions that the mentally ill are dangerous, which is shown in the media, especially movies. One movie portraying a victim of Multiple Personality Disorder called, Split, has the man committing kidnapping and murders, negatively portraying the sufferers of MPD. The social isolation takes a toll on the mentally ill, causing them to feel more alone than they already do. The stigma causes victims to suppress their anxiety or depression which worsens their conditions. It also results in a lower prioritization of public resources.

https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/brick-brick/201405/the-stigma-mental-illness-is-making-us-sicker

Cost of Not Caring: Stigma Set in Stone

Mental illness is a separate and unequal system. Mentally ill people face legal discrimination, codified for 50 years into federal law. Lack of funding equals lack of care, leaving mentally ill in jail or on the streets. In the US, hospitals fair to provide basic sources for the mental illness population, something other countries would never do for patients with cancer. Systems like Medicaid fail to provide treatment because Congress didn’t want to waste money on the mentally ill. Denying the mentally ill treatment essentially tells the country that the mentally ill are less deserving of a decent life than the general public. Those who go untreated result in disastrous events such as suicide. If it were cancer, the government would be funding it like no tomorrow, but because of the stigma, they fail to see the severity of mental illness. Some hospitals will even turn away patients at the door, deeming them not “sick enough” for a consult. Congress didn’t want to “waste” their money on the mentally ill which has been feeding into the stigma for years on end.

http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/06/25/stigma-of-mental-illness/9875351/

Breaking America’s Mental Health Stigma – Gabe Duverge

The NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health) disclosed that about 40% of individuals go untreated for their mental illness because of the mental health stigma. One claim of stigma is the disorder or getting help would equal weakness. “Individuals with mental health problems have always struggled to receive proper care and attention they need.” The stigma has been going on since the Middle Ages, where mentally ill people were thought to have been possessed. Later on in the movement to improve treatment, President Reagan signed Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act to protect mentally ill patients. This wasn’t exactly enough to end the stigma. There are two specific stigma’s for a few specific disorders: Depression, bipolar disorder, and female hysteria. One stigma is the social stigma, discrimination against the mentally ill, some violent. It’s more likely that instead of being violent themselves, the mentally ill are subjected to violence by the public. Then we have perceived stigma or self-stigma, where the patient prevents themselves from reaching out for help, believing they’ll be able to solve the issue themselves. The stigma feeds into the stigma.

http://www.tuw.edu/psychology/breaking-americas-mental-health-stigma/

Never Give Up Until They Buckle Up, Seatbelt Saftey

0:00- This video starts off with a family sized SUV on a clear day, Parked in the drive way of a suburban home. When looking at the details of the still image it shows a suburban style home with a drive way with a basketball hoop in it, which can be typical of middle class suburbia homes.

0:02- Fast forward to two seconds we are now inside the vehicle in what seems to be the back seat of the SUV. Here we see two boys and a girl most likely siblings. The two boys are sitting together in what seems to be the second of three rows in the SUV. One of the boys who seems slightly older than the other boy is sitting to the left side of the screen. He appears to be taking something from his younger brother and the younger brother is resisting. They are clearly having some sort of altercation. In the background out of focus we see a young girl who I assume to be their sister who seems older than them but still definitely young. She is paying no attention to the two boys and she seems very distracted which implies how independent and to herself she is. She chooses to listen to music through her red headphones as the boys fight.

0:05- At this moment in time we are introduced to a new person. There is a man who looks like he can be in his early 40’s in the driver’s seat. He has a look of distress on his face some clues of this are his tense mouth and  blank stair in his eyes.The man seems to be bothered by the children’s commotion in the back of the car. In the background out of focus we see the kids in their commotion.

0:08- At this moment we are introduced to yet another person. This time a women sitting in the front passenger seat of the SUV. At this point i think we can conclude that the individuals in the SUV are a family. We see the mother looking in the direction of the rearview mirror. She has her mouth slightly open indicating that she is giving some sort of instructions to the kids. I assume she is trying to control the situation going on behind her.

0:11- The camera is now panned back to the two kids and we see what the boys were fighting about. They are pulling apart a bag of cheese puffs while arguing who gets it. We see the bag ripping and the cheese puffs being spilt.

0:15- We again begin to see the father and he still has the same distressed look on his face,however he does not seem angry. I think he is trying to maintain his composure, but i also feel like he just does not know how to react to this situation indicated by the blank stair in his eyes.

0:17- The mother finally seems to have gotten the attention of all the kids in the back we see the two boys stop and look at her and the girl in the back opens her eyes to see what is going on. Clearly the mother had to raise her voice because the girl’s attention was caught while she had her headphones on.

0:19- The mother is the only one in the frame and she has her mouth open indicating that she is giving some kind of order she does not seem pleased with the children she has a look of annoyance.

0:22- at this moment the screen is paused on an image of one of the boys putting on his seatbelt. This leads me to believe that was the order their mom gave them and she clearly showed her dominance because they listened to her immediately.

0:23- At this time we see the camera move to the front seat where the father seems to be smiling at the mother in the for of gratitude for making the children calm down and follow directions. The older son in the back seems to be calm ad in place.

0:28 – Here we see the car driving away and we see the overall message of this video. Seatbelt saftey is very important and no parent should ever begin driviing without insuring that their children are buckled in.

Considering what we know about the developing brain, as well as the recent literature on behavior theory, it appears to be counterintuitive to hold children who have been charged with crimes to be held to the same caliber of culpability as their adult counterparts. In my paper I want to examine whether neuro-biologically children can reasonably have the understanding of their crimes.