Riddle: What’s Going on Here?
Types of Causal Argument
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Counterintuitive Fall 2023 
Class Notes 11/01
– We used a half filled glass of water metaphor to show how things can be looked at from a different perspective.
– We discussed statistics in writing and how to provide context to make them useful.
– We also talked about fake news and how easy it is to create fake headlines and cause mass hysteria.
– We talked about types of causal arguments and we used an example of how Facebook can cause someone their job and that it is an X causes Y relationship.
– Right or wrong doesn’t matter in a causal argument, it is whether it happened or not.
– Ethics do not matter in causal arguments, it really is just cause and effect.
11/1/2023
Riddle: Dad gets tattoo of his sons scar from surgery.
— Wield your statistics —
– Make sure your readers know how your number compares to other numbers, telling someone “Employment is at 5%” doesn’t help some understand what it is or what it means, but “Employment is at a historically low rate of 5%” which helps the reader understand.
I say that how full the glass is depends on if it was just filled or just emptied; if you just drank it, half empty. If you just filled it, half full.
— Break your own fake news —
“Russia unleashed more than 500 lions into its streets to ensure that people are staying indoors during this pandemic.” False.
– You can use Snopes.com to fact check things.
– “Break your own news” is a Breaking News meme generator.
— Casual Argument —
“Facebook can cause us our jobs”
– Single Cause, Single Effect (X causes Y)
– Casual Fallacy (X does not cause Y)
Reply to Types of Causal argument post with 5 Brief Causal Arguments derived from your own research.
-Take a look at Different Causes
— Homework —
SUNDAY NOVEMBER 5th CASUAL ARGUMENT DUE
Annotated Bib from proposal +5
Definition Argument
Conference
November 1 Class Notes
– Started with picture of dad and son with matching marks on the head. Dad got a tattoo of son’s surgery scar.
– Knowing how to understand statistics is really important.
– telling people the number is either high/low or good/bad before saying the actual number.
– Snopes is a website to check to see if an article you are reading is true or false.
– single cause has a single effect is the most common type of causal argument.
– Another type of causal argument has several causes for a single effect.
Class Notes:
Riddle- In the image we are lead to believe a father and son have both had brain surgery, but after further review we find out the kid had the surgery and the Father got a tattoo to match his son so he doesn’t feel bad about his deformity. This is the best a father can get to me.
Wield your statistics- Statistics are tools, if there’s no direction it wont go anywhere. Got to find the sweet spot that it good for yourself in the stats. You have to tell the people before you name the number, they have no idea what is good unless we tell them.
Break your own fake news- You may post a joke that yourself an others may find as a joke, however there could be others that don’t get the joke and create issues, so it’s important to let others in on the joke in some way.
Types of causal argument- single cause with a single effect is the most common. causal argument is on weather it happened or not. Single cause with several effects, x causes y and z. A Casual chain (X causes Y, which causes Z)”failure to prosecute Rape causes Rape”. Causation Fallacy (X does not cause Y)”Violent Games Are Not the Missing Link”. In class task.
Causal argument advice- Causal argument will identify a cause and effect relationship. Every thesis contains causation. Immediate cause, remote cause, precipitating cause, contributing cause
Riddle: What is going on here – The son had to get brain surgery and was left with a scar, so the dad got a tattoo of the scar, so his son won’t feel different.
Wield Your Statistics – We all handle statistics differently. Readers need to be told to how your number compares to the range of possible numbers. Except for experts in the field of your endeavor, your readers are at your mercy to interpret the value of the numbers you share.
Break Your Own Fake News – Beware of fake news that you may use because it be persuading to readers reading your work.
Types of Causal Arguments – A thousand-word essay that is due Sunday, November 5th. To show the progression of causes to effects.
When bringing up statistics in our work, we need to make sure to prepare the reader for the information. The more contexts we can add to the situation the more easily the reader can relate and understand the meaning of the statistic. If we just throw out numbers without context, the reader may not know how important it may be related to your subject. The example of women in the US with infertility is a great example of what not to do. It is a number that seemingly has information, without knowing the other factors such as global average or other info, the reader doesn’t know what to think about the situation. Causal arguments are cause and effect. Stating that x causes y, not discussing whether what happened was ethical or not. The only thing you need to do is prove that x caused y. As the situations provided have the same effect, no matter what else is around the situation, as long as the x and y remain the same, you can use it as support. Causation fallacy is that X does not cause Y. This is a where you introduce an idea of which you suggest the data that is seemingly known is somehow wrong and why you think that way.
Class note: 11/1/2023
The riddle: in the image, we are initially led to believe that both a father and his son have undergone brain surgery. But after taking a deeper look at the tattoo we discover that the child had the surgy while the father of the child got a matching tattoo on his head. The profound bond between father and son so his son wouldn’t feel left out.
Wield your statistics- Statistics serve as valuable tools but they require direction to be effective it’s crucial to identify the sweet spot that aligns with your objectives when working with statistical data. Before presenting numbers it’s imperative to educate your audience about what constitutes a favorable statistic as they might not discern it intuitively.
Debunk your own fake news: Sharing a humorous or satirical post that you and your friends find amusing might not be universally perceived as a joke. some individuals might take it seriously and generate unwarranted issues. it’s vital to find ways to signal that you are joking to avoid misunderstandings
Types of casual Arguments: there are several types of casual arguments. the most common is the single cause with single effect scenario which explores whether a particular event occurred due to a specific cause. another variant is the single cause with multiple effects where one cause leads to several outcomes. additionally, we have the causal chain argument which traces a sequence of events.
Causal Argument Tips: when constructing a causal argument it’s vital to identify a cause-and-effect relationship. Every thesis incorporates some form of causation which could include contriuting causes. Understanding the various facets of causation can enhance the strength of your argument.
For causal arguments it is effective to write “cause and effect”, however, must be supported with strong evidence or else the argument will be pointless.
Class Notes 11/1:
– Your statistics are tools, and through the description Professor Hodges gave, students were able to learn that statistics without direction and velocity are useless. When using them, students must be able to use their statistics in a helpful and meaningful way, which allows statistics to be put into play. Through a thorough description of statistics, readers are more understanding of the statistics at hand, allowing them to reach the reader. Statistics must be framed in a particular way in order to land in the mind of the reader.
– Through the story of Professor Hodge’s community during the pandemic, students are able to learn about fake news in a real life setting and how it can impact those who are reading it. You must ask yourself if you trust the source prior to using or believing the statistics at hand.
– The causal argument has multiple frameworks, one of which being single cause and single effect (X causes Y). While it may be difficult, ethical issues need to be kept out of causal arguments. Another form of causal arguments are single cause leads to multiple effects (X causes Y and also Z). The other argument is that there can be several causes for a single effect (Both X and Y cause Z). Students must keep in mind that ethical issues are irrelevant and they MUST keep them out of their causal arguments. There is also a casual chain which can develop an argument (X causes Y, which also causes Z).
– See statists as tools; you have to use them correctly for them to be necessary and have value in your essay.
– You must explain and show how you want your statistics to be seen. You must explain what the statistics were at other times or how much your static has changed or stayed the same. You must put your statistics into play for your readers to understand.
– Casual arguments are cause and effect. There are many different causal arguments. – – Some have many causes that have one effect. Or there are many causes with only one effect.
Class Notes 11/1
Riddle:
– A kid and dad both have the same scar.
– The son had brain surgery that left him trauma and the dad got a tattoo for emotional support for his son.
Wield Your Statistics:
– Cavin W. from the Red Sockets Baseball player has his batting style.
– Statistics without direction and velocity are useless.
-Pick your silly analogy, but remember this: having them is pointless if you don’t know how to use them.
-Put your statistics into play or it’ll just sit there.
-Readers need to be told how your number compares to the range of possible numbers. The statistic by itself means nothing until you place it into context.
-Except for experts in the field of your endeavor, your readers are at your mercy to interpret the value of the numbers you share.
o I think sentence 4 is useless due to just being a repeat of sentences 3-4 but in a different version. They just give us a percentage of women between the ages of 18 and 45 having a 10% infertility rate. ( “10% of American women between 18 and 45—more for African Americans—who attempt to conceive, experience infertility to some degree.”)
Break Your Own Fake News:
– An image that someone posted on Facebook about, ” Entire town in Collingswood being Quarantined”.
-The actual image was the “Russia Released Over 500 Lions” image below which was false news.
– Snopes.com (highly recommended when something seems suspicious)
Types of Causal Arguments:
– The professor provided several examples of specific recommendations that might help craft a Causal Argument for our research topics
– The framework that suits your argument best when put together.
o Single Cause with a Single Effect (X causes Y)
o Single Cause with Several Effects (X causes Y and Z)
o Single Cause with Single Effects (Both X and Y cause Z)
oA Causal Chain (X causes Y, which causes Z)
o Causation Fallacy (X does not cause Y)
-As a Reply to this post, make 5 brief Causal Arguments derived from your research, as I have done above.
1) Caffeine is shown to harm people who drink it more than usual.
2) Coffee leads to people showing symptoms of having either short-term or long-term effects that can lead to them being in the hospital.
3) Mixing alcohol with caffeine leads to people having an addiction from consuming it so much.
4) Caffeine leads to them not being active anymore and they can’t even do any work for school, their job, and more.
5) If people can stop drinking coffee so much they can see what it doing to them.
Causal Argument Advice:
– Look at some previous students from the semester’s argument.
– The types of causation statements that can be identified in your writing.
– We make causation statements all the time, without necessarily realizing that we’re engaged in argument and proof.
– Make a short argument for your causal argument that’s due before class on Nov 05 Sunday.
– Your Causal Argument will identify one or more cause-and-effect relationships essential to proving your thesis.
Promises and Prizes:
-Cut and paste the first paragraph of your Definition Argument. Below your original paragraph, type a REVISED version (not merely edited), that makes and keeps meaningful promises.
Original:
Caffeine is one of the biggest drinks that are seen to have an effect on people in their everyday lives. It’s shown to have short-term effects on people after 5 to 30 minutes after drinking it. There are some people who take caffeine to help them get their morning started. But some take it to the next level by experimenting with caffeine with other drinks like energy drinks and alcohol. We found evidence that states, “Caffeinated energy drinks—alone or with alcohol—are heavily marketed to young adults, many of whom believe that caffeine counteracts some negative effects of alcohol intoxication.” This idea refers to us and how our central nervous system is heavily affected by our consuming alcohol and caffeine drinks which can lead to a negative impact on our body (Curry & Sastio, 2009). As soon as people find out about this they think that they should just stop drinking coffee as together. This can be seen as a good thing in society that helps people stay away from consuming caffeine but people who drink coffee every day hear this and try to steer off drinking coffee. This leads them down the road of having of showing symptoms of withdrawal. This is seen as them being addicts that need coffee, but try to stay away from it. We find that people who are having withdrawals are heavily affected by it that it affects the hard. An article I found states that, “Caffeine withdrawal can impair normal functioning (e.g., incapacitating headache, missing work), and it has been suggested that fatigue and performance decrements resulting from acute caffeine abstinence may have important implications for safety (e.g., sleepiness while driving) and academic achievement.” Some of what they said makes me think of people who have experience either have jobs or are college students (Juliano & Huntley & Harrell & Westermann, 2012).
Revised:
Our community has shown us over time that caffeine is one of the biggest drinks that are seen to have a huge impact on people who are in college and how impacts them in their everyday lives. It has been said that only 93% of people who are college students have consumed caffeine and that their average daily consumption of caffeine intake was 159 mg per day; for those who frequently consume caffeine, the average intake of caffeine was 173 mg each day. But out of that 93% of students only, 75% are said to have consumed caffeine at least once a day, and 17% said they have it three times a day or more. The percentage of people who are in the 75% range has a higher chance of having a negative impact on them than those who are in the 17% range. To me, this seems like the people who are that 75% have taken to drinking caffeine every day of their lives, while 17% only drink it every other day.
11/1
The riddle in the beginning of the class was very interesting. The kid and father had the same scar. Sometimes they are just born with the same genes and have the same surgery.
The baseball statistics are also very weird. The way you hold your bat can affect your hitting stats. The most important stat in baseball is your get on base percentage. This is like the movie moneyball. They explain it very perfectly.
News is very important. It can be easily manipulated by the company itself. Even though Putin is crazy there is no way they release 500 lions to make people stay inside. That would just ruin your country. You have to check multiple stories to make sure that the facts that are being told to you are correct.
A casual argument is gonna be fun but different than a definitive argument. It basically gives a straightforward answer that is a broad statement.
Class Notes Wednesday 11/01:
-Statistics need context to have any meaning. When using statistics in writing it is vitally important to tell the reader the importance of them so that your argument can be effectively made. Using language as simple as “As high as 50%” and “As low as 50%” can be an effective way to drive your argument.
-I do not think adding a watermark to news story would be effective in preventing the spread of fake news. I don’t think it would hurt, but I sadly feel as is people would willfully ignore the watermark.
-Causal arguments are not at all focused with the ethical argument. They are solely focused on the causes and effects of a certain issue. This can be hard to do because we are always interested in the ethical argument. Rebuttals that use language like “Yeah, but what if…” are easy to make when reading a causal argument, but it is important to remember that the causal argument is not concerned with ethics.
–
Class Notes: chich_
-The dad got a tattoo of his sons’ scar to make him feel like he isn’t alone.
-The half full glass of water statements shows that how you frame things is how you persuade people, either in a pessimistic way or an optimistic way.
-Causal Argument: cause and effect, no matter if it’s a good thing or not, different situations have one effect.
-seatbelts protect injury, but theres is a slight chance it could lead to deaths.
-Learned the different types of causes.
-Statistics are a powerful tool to use in supporting your argument. However, there is a need to set up your audience with the appropriate information for the statistics to be impactful. Five percent means nothing on its own however, compared to ten percent five percent could look good in the context of unemployment rate.
-When finding good sources you may have to weed through fake news and information in order to find the facts and information useful to your argument.
-When writing a causal argument thought needs to be taken to keep ethical concerns out of the causal argument.
Class Notes:
Wield Your Statics:
-Lay it on your readers because you know what your point is
– How you approach the statistics depends on how you present it
-It could hit a home run or stay in place
-When presenting a number to prove your point it doesn’t mean anything until context is put behind it
Types of Casual Arguments:
-Single Cause with a single effect
-Several Causes with a single effect
-A causal claim ( X causes Y, which causes Z)
-Causation Fallacy(X does not cause Y)
11/1/2023 notes
– If you add statistics to your writing and add no context of why its importance, it becomes useless
– When using statistics, you need to add words that allow your readers to know if it is a good or bad thing. “We have proudly improved…” (positive) vs. “Our number has sunk to only…” (negative)
– 1000-word causal argument due Sunday night (before class Monday)
– Do not argue ethically when arguing with cause and effect, it’s irrelevant
– Look at causal argument link on agenda and try to make 5 with your own hypothesis
– Leave a reply on the causal argument page if you want help with next 1000-words
– beware of using fake news in your argument, fact check the information before using it
-The discussion included the topic of misinformation and its alarming ease of spreading through fabricated headlines, leading to widespread panic.
-We explored various types of causal arguments. For instance, we examined how platforms like Facebook could result in someone losing their job, demonstrating a clear cause-and-effect relationship (X causes Y).
-In causal arguments, the focus is on the occurrence of events, not their moral correctness. It’s crucial to note that the truth of an event matters more than its ethical implications.
-It’s important to be cautious about using fake news in your work, as it can be highly persuasive to readers.
-Different types of casual arguments were discussed, such as those involving a single cause and a single effect, multiple causes leading to a single effect, and complex causal chains (X causes Y, which causes Z).
-Additionally, we touched upon the concept of the causation fallacy, where the assertion that X causes Y is challenged, suggesting that X does not necessarily lead to Y.
class notes 11/1
We discuss how you are born who ypu are and cannot choose your sexuality, only how you express yourself.
We look at a scar picture of a father who got his sons scar from brain surgery tattooed onto his head.
We look at a glass of water, we discuss how our attitudes and wording towards things will change how an audience interprets it.
The way we present quotes and statistics and put into context will help an audience determine its importance. As we read about Michelle Obamas fertility as an example.
We review a fake news example, and how easy it is to create fake news, as well as be influenced by it.
We reviewed the types of causal argument, we discuss cause and effect, and look to different components of causation and how to work with it in an argument.
We review 5 different arguments and how to use our own work in this argument.
Class notes 11/1/23
We first began the class by looking at a riddle were a father and son have the same identical scars on their head. We then dove in to the Wield your Statistics workshop and gave feedback on which we felt was the “useless” sentence in relations to certain topics. I found this exercise very helpful. We then talked about how fake news is a warning. We then did the Types of Casual Arguments section. Lastly we worked on the promises and prizes workshop including our first paragraph from our definition argument.
Notes 11/1/23
-It is a good number or a bad number. Explain what you number is and tell the reader if it’s good or bad before mentioning the number so the reader know how to read it.
– Half full or half empty glass
– I personally see the word half full glass because I think as it if right now we are half full but in the positive side it’s that it give us time to keep filling it up for the rest of our life.
– Also I think it might depend of my mood of the day.
– Snopes.com : a website to check if your sources/ info is reliable or not.
– Types of causal arguments – “Facebook can cause us our jobs” – Single Cause, Single Effect
– Homework: Casual Argument due Sunday Nov 5.
Notes 11/1/23
– Opened class with analyzing a half cup of water. whether if it is “half full” or “half empty. our description a subject controls how our audience percieves it
– Looked into “Snopes.com” a site that calls web articles out as true or false content.
– when using statistics in writing avoid “useless” sentences that don’t directly add statical value.
– There are multiple types of causal arguments.
Notes 11/1/23:
-statistics with no context can becomes useless.
-we need to always add words that allow the readers to know if it is a good or bad thing when we’re adding a statistic.
-Do not argue in an ethically way when it’s going to arguing with cause and effect, it’s irrelevant.
-be careful from of using fake news in your argument, always check the information’s before you add it.
– Leave a reply on the causal argument page if you want help.
– 1000-word causal argument due Sunday night.