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Counterintuitive 
Professor started off class with a metaphor of the high note. Talked further into not using because and staying away from negative words and phrases. Professor than talked to us about a writing exercise that allows us to fix sentences and give the sentence more positivity. Went into further detail about robust subjects/verbs and talked about different types of examples. Discussed the different types of rebuttals and gained knowledge from the Professor about the right and wrong ways to rebuttal.
Riddle: In praise of Overreach
Third short essay is a rebuttal essay
Not because writing exercise
Sentences that follow a negative verb because it creates confusion for readers ex: I don’t love you because you’re beautiful
Because language does not undo the negative
Start with the positive
There is no need to say “but not” or “not just for”
Robust subjects and verbs
The most important part in writing is the rewrite process
Need to get rid of the sentences that please you the most
Eliminate weak and vague sentences and make them more clear
Sentences subject is the most important thing you need to say
“Is” is the weakest verb
Do not say “it”
Get rid of the following phrases There is/ There are/ It is
revise your sentence so that your strongest subject completes the most robust action
The best a writer can hope to accomplish with such an opening is to tell readers that something exists
you counter evdience with evidnece
-sentences that follow a negative verb with “because” can be confusing
-the best sentences are without “because” and should be positive
-have to be wiling to get rid of sentences and ideas that confuse readers during the rewrite process
-don’t use “there is,” “there are,” and “it is” in sentences
-starting sentences with “by” is easier to avoid than to write the sentence correctly
-“in order to” can be replaced just by “to”
-insufficient evidence rebuttal, irrelevant evidence rebuttal, inconclusive evidence rebuttal, stacking the deck rebuttal, false analogy rebuttal, false choice rebuttal
NOTES
4/6
NOT BECAUSE
– make sure you double check every sentence
– a sentence can be given two purposes when you mean only one
– if they don’t read your sentence in the way you do as well then that could possibly ruin their perspective of the argument
– get rid of the negative words
ROBUST SUBJECTS AND VERBS
– replace all “it” and “there” for better writing
– no need for these filler words
– eliminate repetition
– eliminate that trash language
– aim to make every sentence a small argument
REBUTTAL PRACTICE
– practiced rebuttal by reading examples
– learning to refute other work can very much help you with yours
– when providing a rebuttal make sure it’s not broad… Example: don’t say that their just missing evidence, but say what their missing and could add.
– Your rebuttal is useless unless specified
HW
– fix up causal argument a bit
– not because class exercise
– robust verbs paragraph revision post
NOTES:
Not Because:
– BAD- “I don’t love you because you’re beautiful”
– GOOD – “I love you but not because of your beauty.”
– BEST – “I love you for your beauty and your generous heart.”
Robust Subjects and Verbs:
– Revising subjects and verbs is needed to say something worth saying
– DO NOT start multiple sentences with There is/There are/It is. Cut it out.
– Just say what is true and make the best case possible. Don’t accuse the reader of misunderstanding. Help them see your point of view.
– Robust verbs focuses on the subject of the sentence.
Rebuttal Practice:
– It is not an effective rebuttal to just keep asking for more evidence
– no counterargument. Recognize it and spend 1000 words trying to refute it.
Class Notes 4/6/2020
Not Because:
-Negative verb followed by “because” causes confusion (people will only hear the negative)
-Language does not undo the negative
Instead, you could…
-START with the positive
-Don’t include negatives at all
Robust Subjects and Verbs:
-The sentence’s subject needs to be identified first
-Weak verbs are: there is, there are, it is, is, becoming (it can almost always be avoidable)
-Just say what is true! No need to accuse someone of misunderstanding
POOR: It is said to be the case that taxes depress the economy
GOOD: Taxes depress the economy
Rebuttal Practice:
-Insufficient Evidence Rebuttal (if the author does not provide sufficient evidence, any evidence you provide should easily refute their point of view)
-Irrelevant Evidence Rebuttal (point out that the evidence supports a different conclusion)
-Inconclusive Evidence Rebuttal (demonstrate how a correct interpretation of the evidence proves something other than the author’s argument is an effective rebuttal; some things are correlated but not causations)
The rebuttal argument is meant to refute objections to your argument. When you adopt a controversial point of view, there will always be objections. You must address/acknowledge their questions, then answer them in rebuttal.
In-Class Notes 4/6/2020:
What was discussed:
– In Praise of Overreach Quote
– Not Because (writing exercises)
– Robust Subjects and Verbs (in-class practice)
– Rebuttal Practice
– Any remaining questions
I learned that…
– You may find what you really need on the way of what you’re looking for
– Giving something that originally might not have any power against you to have power by worrying about it.
– Making coherent sentences using positives rather than negatives
– Nothing as important than revising your essay – be willing to change your original thoughts
– Make sure the subject of your sentence is obvious to the audience
– Unless your subject needs to be proven of its existence you don’t need “it is” to begin a sentence
– “By” openings can be difficult to use correctly
– Saying that something is “is not” can take away from the main subject and what you’re trying got say.
– No matter how much evidence you use to support your claim, it could not be enough for a particular reader
– By mastering analyzing what can be false choices or a false analogy, you can better create a rebuttal to challenge that argument.
Notes 4/6
Not Because
– Following a negative claim with “because” in sentences can cause confusion in the reader because the mixture of negatives and “because” make the claims unclear.
– “I don’t love you because you’re beautiful” sounds an awful lot like you just don’t love someone, even though it intends to say that you love them just for different reasons.
– “I love you not just for your beauty” is clearer and makes the bold, specific claim mentioned above much more clearly.
– But removing negatives altogether would be the safest choice and ultimately lead to the boldest, most specific, most straightforward claim.
Robust Subjects and Verbs
– Common phrases can kill good prose.
– “There is” / “There are” / “It is” are useless phrases because the claim that something “is” is just about the weakest claim you can make.
– Unless your subject’s very identity needs to be established, refrain from using these phrases.
Rebuttal Practice
– Bob Herbet’s article, “Is Nuclear Power Worth the Risk,” which claims primarily that the benefits of nuclear power are not worth the major catastrophes it can cause, contains flaws that can be addressed by a number of different types of refutation.
Types of Rebuttal
– Insufficient Evidence Rebuttal: It’s not an effective rebuttal to request more evidence from the author. Instead, provide evidence to the contrary; if the author provides insufficient or zero evidence, one piece of evidence of the contrary should be enough to refute it.
– Irrelevant Evidence Rebuttal: It’s not an effective rebuttal to complain that you really don’t see what the evidence provided has to do with the argument. Instead, point out that the evidence supports a different conclusion than the author’s.
– Inconclusive Evidence Rebuttal: It’s not an effective rebuttal to say that the evidence provided doesn’t quite add up to a proof. Instead, demonstrate how a correct interpretation of the evidence proves something other than the author’s argument.
– Stacking the Deck Rebuttal: It’s not an effective rebuttal to say that the author is unfair to your “side” of the argument and should offer evidence to support your position. Instead, explain why; if the author is, say, suppressing evidence, an effective rebuttal would point out the suppressed evidence.
– False Analogy Rebuttal: Analogy is prediction based on close comparisons. It’s not an effective rebuttal to simply say that the author “uses a false analogy,” though it is a start. Instead, point out essential differences between the subjects being compared.
– False Choice Rebuttal: Once a false analogy has been made, a false choice will almost certainly be made. It’s not an effective rebuttal to simply say that the author “makes a false choice,” though it’s a start. Instead, point out the unnamed third choice that deserves just as much attention as the other two actually given.