1. “Alternatives to Animal Testing.” PETA. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Mar. 2017.

Background: There are other options available researchers could participate in rather than using animals for medical research. Instead of using experiments that are cruel and painful to animals, the development of non-animal tests is becoming known. This discusses the other options that are convenient.

How I Used It: When it came to finding alternative methods instead of animal testing, this came to help a lot. PETA gave many different examples of how researchers do not necessarily need to use animals for testing anything.  This article then went on to discuss how each method was effective and steered away from animals. It gave the facts that there is a possible way to stop animal testing.

2. “Animals in Medical Experiments.” PETA. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2017

Background: This article talks about how animals are misused because of animal testing’s. They are left with harmful effects that does not allow them to live a non-painful life.

How I Used It: After animals are used for testing, they are left with nothing. They have no way of living without being in pain. This article talks about how rabbits, dogs, mice, monkeys, cats, and many more animals are effected by experiments they are put through.

3. Cohn, Meredith. “Study Aims to Check If Other Methods Can Replace Animal Testing.” Baltimoresun.com. Baltimore Sun Media Group, 12 Mar. 2017. Web. 27 Mar. 2017

Background: The author talks about how animals testing may not necessarily be the safest way to find medicine for a human body. There are still people who still argue saying animal testing is essential but there are better ways found to be more acceptable to humans. Also, most people disapprove of animal testing and hope for a new solution.

How I Used It: This article helped me incorporate the studies of doctors and higher authority on how they feel about animal testing. This led to believe animal testing is not the most reliable method in order to create medicine for humans. There are circumstances that lead researchers in the wrong direction just because they are using animals. Specialist hope soon enough more people will realize this and eventually end animal testing all together.

4. “If We Don’t Use Animals, Wouldn’t We Have to Test New Drugs on People?” PETA. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2017.

Background: There is no guarantee medicine is safe just because it has been tested on animals. This discusses some differences that could cause medicines to react differently in humans than animals.

How I Used It: There has been medicines that have been taken off the shelf because it has harmed humans because researches have believed they would work the same as it did with animals.  The article stresses that there are other methods available that would not lead to this risk

5. Society, New England Anti-Vivisection. “Animals in Science /….” Animals in Research and Testing. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2017.

Background: The National Institute of Health is a part of animal testing saying it is the largest funded organization fort medical research. They use animals for the basis of research and were first used for the response of humans with infectious diseases. In order to continue with animal testing’s, the technology would need to improve.

How I Used It: There was a high probability that the medicine tested on animals would be the same for humans. Doing certain tests with animals did not necessarily mean it would correlate the same with humans, as shown with dogs and monkeys. End result of these tests is that there are alternative methods available and are the future.

6. Society, New England Anti-Vivisection. “Alternatives to Animals in Science.” In Testing. NEAVS, n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2017.

Background: Scientists have developed new techniques that no do involve using animals. These are very useful, cheaper, and easier than continuing with animal research. The accuracy of these tests is as high as 95 percent.

How I Used It: This article gave a few examples of the new alternative testing’s and how it is used. Also talks about the many benefits of backing away from animal testing. That included: more reliability, more accurate, cost effective, practical, cruelty free, and environmental friendly. Since the world of technological continues to grow, there is no fact the improvement of medical research will not improve along with it.

7. “Why Do Scientists Use Animals in Research?” American Physiological Society Why Do Scientists Use Animals in Research? N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2017.

Background: Researchers need to understand the disease and medical condition because they can act upon it. When it comes to animal use in research, humans find it unpractical and unethical. They continue to use animals as a resource because they are similar to humans and susceptible to the same things as humans.

How I Used It: Just because animals have a similar dynamic as humans and contract the same diseases, it does not necessarily lead to the same outcome. They also use animals because they have a short life span and can easily control the environment they are in. If they use humans, it would be harder to control the environment yet, animal results are not 100% the same as humans.

8. “Animal Testing – ProCon.org.” Should Animals Be Used for Scientific or Commercial Testing? N.p., 24 May 2016. Web. 03 Apr. 2017.

Background: This article talks about the pro and cons of animals testing. There are always two sides to a story, so having both viewpoints help realize the good and bad. Many of the Pros to animals then had a flipside to why it was bad, vice versa.

How I Used It: When it came to a counter argument, this gave lots of helpful information Even though I was against animal testing, there were still points proven where it could have some positive effects. It was good to find a source that attacked what I was saying rather than agreeing with me.

9. “Medical Benefits.” Speaking of Research. N.p., 06 Apr. 2016. Web. 05 Apr. 2017.

Background: Using animals for medical research has only produced many medical benefits. The research that has been done resulted in major medical breakthroughs. Without using animals, none of this would have been done.

How I Used It: From using animals for testing these medicines, many improvements in human’s health has been made. There have been many similar diseases found in animals and humans like Tuberculosis, asthma, meningitis, cancer, and many others. Since they are found with similar/the same diseases, it works out perfectly to test on animals first.

10. Pharma Models. “Animal Testing Significantly Advances Cancer Research.” Animal Testing Significantly Advances Cancer Research. N.p., 13 May 2014. Web. 05 Apr. 2017.

Background: Since animals have been involved in testing for cancer, many humans are still alive. Cancer survival rates have grown immensely and patients are more likely to live longer. The similar body system from animals is very beneficial when it comes to research concerning humans.

How I Used It: There are upsides to using animals for medical research. When the outcome is nothing but positive, there is no reason to be against it. Most patients are grateful that researchers went to any extent in order to find a medicine that would help them. If it were not for the research, patients’ lives would be very different today.

11. Regan (3), T. “The Case for Animal Rights.” Springer. Springer Netherlands, 01 Jan. 1987. Web. 21 Feb. 2017.

Background: Animal testing as a whole can be stopped. Science does not need the millions of animals they use in order to have medicine grow. Animal rights are being violated and the system should not have been made this way. Everything animals are put through is straight out wrong.

How I Used It: In my paper, I include the violation of animal rights and how they are looked as if they are just a piece of resource. That should not be the case. In order to get this problem changed, there must be enough people to want to make a change.

12. “If We Don’t Use Animals, Wouldn’t We Have to Test New Drugs on People?” PETA. People for Ethical Treatment of Animals, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2017.

Background: If the use of animals for medical research was put to an end, that would leave the option open to use humans available. When it comes to using animals, there is no guarantee that it will show the same results for humans. Also, when it comes to animal testing there are other methods available that would save a lot of time for researchers.

How I Used It: If animal testing was stopped, researchers would save lots of time and money. There are other options available that are more effective and reliable for humans. Animals test are not 100% accurate towards a human’s body which can be risky for doctors to take. In some cases, medication has been discontinued and taken out of stores because of the negative effects it has taken on humans. If pharmacies realize the risks they are taking, they would be better off to do without medication tested on animals.

13. Kilkenny, Carol, William J. Browne, Innes C. Cuthill, Michael Emerson, and Douglas G. Altman. “Improving the Reporting of Animal Experiments—The ARRIVE Guidelines.” PLOS Biology. Public Library of Science, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2017.

Background: When it comes to animal testing, there are guidelines to follow in order to make sure everything is done correctly. No researcher will go without knowing how many animals they use, characteristics of the animals, and the type of method they are going to experiment with.

How I Used It: When it came to knowing how reliable it is to use medicine tested on animals, this helped. It showed how some guidelines were not followed, meaning higher authority had to become stricter to make sure everyone would follow. With that information, it questions if all researchers were doing the right thing when it came to medical research with animals.

14. Hajar, Rachel. “Animal Testing and Medicine.” Heart Views : The Official Journal of the Gulf Heart Association. Medknow Publications Pvt Ltd, Jan.-Feb. 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2017.

Background:  Animal testing has been around ever since the age of Aristotle, who has performed these experiments. They used this as a method to use animals before they bring any medicine into contact with humans. Not until recently, animal testing for medical research has been seen as unethical and harmful.

How I Used It: The harm that these animals are being placed under is not right to have. In my paper, I discussed how animals are look at as a resource instead of a living thing. People see animals to have little to no rights, thinking it is alright to put them through excruciating pain. Animal testing did create a lot of positive impacts, but now there are increasing amount of non-animal testing available.

15. “About Animal Testing.” Humane Society International. Humane Society International, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.

Background: Animal testing never means any good for the animals in the end. They are left to suffer and had to no choice to participate in the testing to begin with. 115 million animals are used for testing each year. The result researchers would be looking for is the animals body to mirror the humans. Yet there are better and more reliable ways to get this done.

How I Used It: There are alternative methods available, as I discussed in my paper. Also, animal testing is viewed to be un-reliable, questioning why it is still continuing today. Researchers do not need animals for testing in order to maintain the medical progress. In this present day, technology has improved immensely allowing the possibility for animals to be taken out of the experiments and stop them from being harmed.